Aluminium air secondary

Mori R (2014) A novel aluminium-air secondary battery with long-term stability. RSC Adv 4 1982. doi 10.1039/c3ra44659j... 

Aluminium-air secondary reserve batteries 2615 Parasitic side reaction ... 

The 2003 annual dioxin/furan release to the atmosphere was 2.61 g TEQ. The relative contribution of different source categories to total air emission is shown in Fig. 7.2c. The top four contributing classes of local emission sources were (a) coal fired power boilers plants (45.3%) (b) crematoria (13.4%) (c) aluminium production (secondary) (10.3%) and (d) accidental fires—houses, factories and vehicles (9.6%). These... 

Aluminium-air batteries are lightweight and produce a higher voltage than a lead-acid battery. They are expensive and are not true secondary cells because the aluminium anode has to be replaced from time to time. 

Aluminum powder is frequently added to explosives and propellants to improve their performance. The addition of aluminium results in considerable gain in heat of explosion because of the high heat of formation of aluminia (1658 kJ/mole, 16260 kJ/kg) leading to higher temperatures of the fumes. Aluminium not reacted in the detonation front might be oxidized atmospheric oxygen to induce post-heating in the fume zone and to increase the -> air blast or even to initiate a delayed secondary explosion. 

Reduction of N-cyano-N-demethylconanine (28a) with lithium aluminium hydride, under nitrogen, afforded the methylenic ge/n-diamine (29) when the reaction was carried out at room temperature, and the secondary amine (28b) was formed when this reaction was carried out in a refluxing solvent (THF). However, in presence of air, the hydroxylamine (28c) and the imines (30) and (31) were formed in small amounts as a result of oxidation reactions. The organo-metallic intermediate (32) can explain the formation of these products. The reduction of (28a) with LiAlH4-AlCl3 led only to the secondary amine (28b). 

The plastic (usually nylon) air intake manifold weighs half as much as one made from pressure-cast aluminium, and improves engine performance with its smoother inner surfaces, which minimize airflow resistance. The manifold is injection-moulded (see Chapter 7) and so secondary machining costs are eliminated. Additionally, because nylon is less thermally conductive than aluminium, the engine runs slightly hotter, which leads to a reduction in emissions the plastic manifold engines also have a shorter warm-up time. 

The tendency to hydrolyse increases with an increasing aluminium content in the zeolite [103]. An example of this is shown in Fig. 13, which shows the extensive level of hydronium exchange which incidentally occurred during a series of studies on Na/NH4 exchange equilibria in faujasitic zeolites [103]. This can also be seen in the increase of the selectivity coefficients for H30 /Na exchange with the increasing aluminium content of faujasite zeolites [73-75]. Zeolite hydrolysis also leads to several secondary phenomena. First, since the zeolite imparts an alkaline reaction to the water imbibed in the pores, carbon dioxide is picked up from the air. When the zeolite is then immersed in water, carbonate and bicarbonate ions are released into the solution. Secondly, hydroxyl ions released into the solution enhance the dissolution of silica and alvimina from the zeolite framework into the solution [73]. As a consequence, the following electroneutrality condition can be found to hold in pure water after it has been contacted with a zeolite such as NaX [73] ... 

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