Alum Burned

BURNED AIJJM See CALCINATED ALUM BURNED BRASS Scc AES USTUM BURNED COPPER See AES USTUM... 

However, unlike gas-phase reactions, the boron particles are oxidized at their surfaces, so that some unreacted boron remains after combustion. A significant difference between B and A1 is that the amount of oxygen gas (O2) needed to produce boron oxide is 2.22 kg [02]/kg [B] whereas the amount required to produce aluminum oxide is just 0.89 kg [02]/kg [Al]. Since the amount of oxygen needed to burn boron particles is approximately 2.5 times larger than that needed to burn alum-... 

Fig. 11.12 shows a comparison of the burning rates of B-AP and Al-AP pyrolant-sas a function of pressure. In analogy to the B-AP pyrolants, the burning rates of the Al-AP pyrolants increase with increasing and with decreasing size of the alum-... 

In a word, if when an oil burns it does not cause a sufficient decomposition of the alum and the vitriol, the flame ought not to be increased, for in our hypothesis the acid of the salt ought to leave its terrestrial matrix and carry its action on to the sulphurous vapor, and... 

Take mercury, fix it with the (metallic) body of magnesia or with the (metallic) body of stimmi from Italy, or with sulphur apyre (native sulphur), or with aphreselinon (selenite), or burned limestone, or alum of Melos, or with arsenicon or what you will. Place the white earth (so prepared) upon copper (x >s, copper or bronze), and you will have copper without shadow (brilliant). Add yel-... 

It is also probable that additional obscurity is due to the desire to avoid making the directions clear to the uninitiated public. The use of the substances called gypsum, burned limestone, and alum (which also meant a variety of acid-reacting salts), was probably for the purpose of keeping metallic surfaces free from oxide or other films interfering with perfect contact with amalgams or other alloys. 

It should he known that my sal-mirabile may he separated and prepared from all common salts, hut from some more easily than from others. For not only common cooking salt, hut also saltpeter, alum, and vitriol can yield it. But because alum and vitriol possess many sulphureous and mineral qualities which are troublesome to separate, and saltpeter is burning and volatile, therefore we had better leave these salts alone and prepare our sal-mirabile only from common cooking or kitchen salt, separate from it its earthiness by the aid of fire and water, and use it to the honor of God and the service of our neighbor as we know or can and first ... 

A powder which burns with a green flame is obtained by the addition of nitrate of baryta to chlorate of potash, nitrate of potash, acetate of copper. A white flame is made by the addition of sulfide of antimony, sulfide of arsenic, camphor. Red by the mixture of lampblack, coal, bone ash, mineral oxide of iron, nitrate of strontia, pumice stone, mica, oxide of cobalt. Blue with ivory, bismuth, alum, zinc, copper sulfate purified of its sea water [sic]. Yellow by amber, carbonate of soda, sulfate of soda, cinnabar. It is necessary in order to make the colors come out well to animate the combustion by adding chlorate of potash.15... 

V. Seventeen hundred and fifty parts of chlorate of potassium, 500 of sulphur, 575 of carbonate of copper, and 375 of burned alum. 

The acid of sulphur was precisely the same as that of vitriol and alum, as Homberg had earlier predicted. It produced alum with simple earth, vitriol with an earthly and a metallic matter, and common sulphur with an earthly and a bituminous or inflammable matter. Homberg believed that the second component, a dense, bloody red oil, was the true sulphur or the inflammable part of common sulphur, carried in the minimal amount of distilled oil which served as a vehicle. The sulphur principle still eluded him, however. The third component, an earth, was extremely fixed (having lost the volatile component of oil) and nearly inalterable. Even when exposed to the burning glass, it only produced fumes without burning. 

Sulphur of Nature. Lime Alum — for it consumes and burns up. 

BURNED ALUM NITRE NOTA BENE MANIPULE MIST... 

Bergman says Rinman heated the alum pans at Garph)rtta with burning alum shale as fuel instead of wood. He says the reddish alum from Brunswick contained cobalt Chinese alum was free from iron. ... 

Lavoisier found that the air (carbon monoxide) evolved in the calcination of alum with charcoal is inflammable, but less so than that evolved by the dissolution of metals in acids, from which it is quite different it burns with much greater difficulty and hardly detonates when mixed with two-thirds of common air. A remarkable property is its conversion into chalky acid air on combustion none of the other inflammable airs from metals and acids behave like this, and these appear to give acids analogous to those from which they were derived (ils paraissent donner des acides analogues a ceux dont ils ont ete tires). This air he was very inclined to believe is the carbonaceous substance in the state of vapour and in the form of air . He thought the other two inflammable airs were a species of vitriolic sulphur (obtained from metals and dilute sulphuric acid) and a species of marine sulphur in the vaporous or aeriform state (from metals and hydrochloric acid) this idea was afterwards adopted by Gren (p. 671). 

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