Chalky acid

Lavoisier found that the air (carbon monoxide) evolved in the calcination of alum with charcoal is inflammable, but less so than that evolved by the dissolution of metals in acids, from which it is quite different it burns with much greater difficulty and hardly detonates when mixed with two-thirds of common air. A remarkable property is its conversion into chalky acid air on combustion none of the other inflammable airs from metals and acids behave like this, and these appear to give acids analogous to those from which they were derived (ils paraissent donner des acides analogues a ceux dont ils ont ete tires). This air he was very inclined to believe is the carbonaceous substance in the state of vapour and in the form of air . He thought the other two inflammable airs were a species of vitriolic sulphur (obtained from metals and dilute sulphuric acid) and a species of marine sulphur in the vaporous or aeriform state (from metals and hydrochloric acid) this idea was afterwards adopted by Gren (p. 671). 

Lavoisier found that the residual air after the respiration of a sparrow extinguished a candle and turned lime water milky. The decrease in volume, when the original temperature was restored after the death of the bird, was not more than of the original volume. Addition of caustic alkali decreased the volume by and the alkali became mild, hence fixed air was present, which I shall in future call chalky acid gas (acide crayeux aeriforme acide de la craie). This name was proposed by Bucquet, as Lavoisier says later. The gas... 

Lavoisier says the oxygenous principle combined with the matter of fire, of heat and of light, forms the purest air. This is very probable but not rigorously demonstrated — it may not be susceptible of this. Combined with carbon it forms chalky acid (acide crayeux) or fixed air, with sulphur vitriolic acid, with nitrous air nitric acid, and with phosphorus phosphoric acid. It is... 

On several liquids which may be converted into the amform state at a temperature only a little greater than the mean temperature of the earth Ether can form an inflammable gas which can be collected over hot water but condenses to a liquid again on cooling. A mixture of ether vapour with vital air detonates violently when kindled. The product of combustion of a mixture of ether vapour and air in a bottle turned lime water milky, so that chalky acid... 

Reduction of the sodium chloride level can result in taste problems and flavour shifts. There are several approaches to maintain salt taste. Most often, potassium chloride is used, because it shows the most prominent salty taste of those applicable inorganic salts. Lithium chloride is the most salty salt but cannot be used for toxicological reasons. Most consumers, however, complain about the bitter, chalky taste of KCl-containing formulations. Development of sodium-reduced products using mineral salts is a challenge and the whole product formula has often to be adapted [25]. Therefore, the main focus of the research was the search for masking compounds or technologies to cover the bad taste of KCl, e.g. phenolic acids and derivatives [26] and lactisol [27]. 

A cheese-like spread, which is similar to processed cheese spread, is prepared by combining hydrolyzed Swiss-or Cheddar-whey protein and cultured cream. The whey protein is precipitated by heat and acid. The granular, chalky precipitate then acquires a smooth texture by enzymatic hydrolysis with Rhozyme P-11 at 39.5 to 40.5 °C for 30 min. The product is heated to 85 °C for 15 min to inactivate the enzymes then it is homogenized and blended with an equal quantity of 45° cream culture containing Lactobacillus casei (Webb and Whittier 1970). 

Lead Stearate (or Stearic acid lead salt). PKCis s 02)2 mw approx 774.26 chalky white, fluffy powder, smooth and talc-like to the touch mp 105°, 100—15°, 125° (separate... 

Uric acid is the major nitrogen excretion product in birds and reptiles, where it is responsible for the white, chalky appearance of these droppings. Uric acid is poorly soluble in water, and in humans, formation of uric acid crystals is responsible for the painful symptoms of gout. These crystals are deposited in joints (recall that the classic symptom of gout is an inflamed toe). 

Arsanthrene chloride in ten times its weight of warm nitric acid (density 1-38) is heated until no more nitrous fumes escape. An equal volume of water is then added and the product obtained recrystalliscd from hot dilute nitric acid (density 1 2). Large, ((olourless prisms separate (probably a dinitrate), which fall to a chalky imwdcr on washing with water. The acid does not melt at 3(i0 and is sparingly soluble in all solvents. 

Camine—-i- H,0—196 -h 18—is obtaiued from Liebig s meat extract in chalky, microscopic crystals, readily soluble in warm H,0. It forms compounds with acids and aUcalies, similar to those of bypoxan-thine. 

Coprecipitation of silicic acid with hydrated oxides of metals such as Fe, Al, Cr, Ca, Cu, Ni and so forth yields silica gels that, after washing, drying and activation by leaching with hydrochloric acid, give chalky materials (provided the metal concentration in the starting mixtures is high [2]). 

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