Altered membrane integrity

Altered membrane integrity Altered [Ca +j, homeostasis ATP depletion Cytochrome c release Altered mitochondrial... 

Altered membrane Integrity can interfere wth fluid and electrolyte movement... 

The issue of whether or not lipids are protective becomes more complicated when one considers that toxicants can affect lipid metabolism. Capuzzo and Leavitt16 observed increases in non-polar/polar lipid ratios in the tissues of PAH/PCB contaminated mussels and speculated that these contaminants mediate a decrease in the conversion of storage lipids to membrane lipids. Membrane-mediated solute transport, cell signaling, and bioenergetics are all significantly affected by membrane lipid composition53, and alterations in the proportion of membrane lipids in a tissue could seriously affect membrane integrity and function. 

Fig. 1. Schematic showing the position of mitochondria relative to the Bcl-2 family of proteins and caspases. Cells receive an incoming apoptosis signal that causes pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins to alter the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members can prevent the actions of the pro-apoptotic members. Cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria. Released cytochrome c causes activation of caspases. Active caspases cleave intracellular proteins and cause cell death.

Necrosis is a catastrophic breakdown of regulated cellular homeostasis and is accompanied by massive tissue damage leading to rapid collapse of internal homeostasis of the cell [1]. It is characterized by cell swelling with early loss of plasma-membrane integrity, major alterations of the organelles, and swelling of the... 

---