Alpha-hydroxy acids application

Alpha-hydroxy acids application as cosmetics and as peels... 

Complications with alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) peels are rare, easily avoided, and often spontaneously reversible or treatable by simple topical applications. More details on complications, their origins, prevention and treatment can be found in Chapter 37. 

Easy TCA is a stabilized, homogeneous and adjuvanted solution with a final TCA concentration of 15% m/m, combined with alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), antioxidants, vitamins and saponins. Unideep is a TCA peel based on the same principles as Easy TCA and reaches the papillary dermis readily and evenly it has a TCA concentration of 23% m/m. The application protocols for these two peels allow all depths to be reached. There is no point using higher concentrations that could cause complications (see Chapter 37). 

MG Schmid, O Lecnik, U Sitte, G Gubitz. Application of ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis to the chiral separation of alpha-hydroxy acids and beta-blockers. 1 Chromatogr A 875 307-314, 2000. 

Some substances have special labeling instructions (e.g., FDA suggests that the labeling of a cosmetic product that contains an alpha hydroxy acid (AFFA) and that is intended for topical application to the skin or mucous membrane should carry instructions that convey the following information Sunburn Alert This product contains an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that may increase your skin s sensitivity to the sun and particularly the possibility of sunburn. Use a sunscreen and limit sun exposure while using this product and for a week afterwards. ... 

Sakaki S 1993 Application of MTT test for screening of cell growth activators. Evaluation of alpha hydroxy acids. Journal of the... 

Cosmeceutical pharmaceutical agents are commonly combined with chemical peels to enhance exfohative and regenerative effects. Retinoic acid preparations are prescribed as daily home care to accelerate epidermal proliferation, so there is an increase in epidermal thickness despite the stratum corneum being shed. The application of retinoic acid enhances the effectiveness of light and even medium-depth chemical peeling to texture, tone, and smooth the skin. Used in combination with alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) retinoic acid prepares the skin for the peel procedure. 

Figure 15.31 A 4-minute application of 35% glycolic add produced vesiculation and exudation on this 22-year-old patient. Young patients are particularly prone to this type of complloatlon in this area following alpha-hydroxy acid peels. Transient hyperpigmentation also occurred...

Lactic acid is a three-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid that exists in two enantiomers, whose carboxyl and hydroxyl groups can undergo a number of reactions that make it a versatile building block. The global annual demand for lactic acid is estimated to be at least 130000 tonnes with approximately 85% of this demand directed towards food and food-related applications [8]. Out of the food applications, more than 50% is used for producing emulsifiers such as lactic acid esters of fatty acids and monoglycerides discussed previously [3]. However, the new applications, such as green solvents and polylactic acid (PLA) plastics, have driven a sharp increase in production in recent years [33]. 

Farbood and Willis(68) in a recent patent application disclosed a process for production of optically active alpha-hydroxy decanoic acid (gamma-decalactone) by growing Yarrowia lipolytica on castor oil as a sole source of carbon. This is a good example of a commercial application of a volatile chemical produced by a microorganism. Yields of up to 6 grams per liter culture media were obtained making this a promising industrial fermentation. 

Matuus RM, Guyon JC (1964) Spectrophotometric determination of alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids. Application to citric acid. Anal Chem 36 118-120... 

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