Alnus species

Oregonin, an optically active ketol [(. -11) is the diarylheptanoid component of several Alnus species and was first isolated as its xyloside in 1974 from A. rubra (14), but the absolute configuration of the aglycon remained unknown until it was also isolated from A. 

From Alnus species i.e. varieties of alder, containing also a large variety of open chain diarylheptanoids (7-21), some biaryl type macrocyclic compounds have also been isolated. In Alnus japonica Steud. indigeneous in Japan Nomura et al. found four diphenols of this kind. The constitution of alnuson (80) and alnusoxide (81) was elucidated in 1975 (20), while alnusdiol (82) and its oxidation product, alnusonol (83) were characterized in 1981 (17). It was observed that 81 could only be isolated from the dried plant and may be therefore an artefact. Alnusdiol was optically active and therefore a trans-diol but its absolute configuration remained unknown. 

A similar classification may be appropriate for N2-fixing actinorhizal species. Asparagine is the major product of N2 fixation in Myiica species (32), w hereas the ureide, citrulline, predominates in Alnus species (20, 33). The structures of the difiFerent nitrogenous components transported from N2-fixing plants are given in Figure 3. 

Positive alkaloid- tests have been reported for two species of Alnus and one of Belula. Of 44 samples tested here the following positive results were obtained Alnus glabrata (1/5), A. rhombifotia, A. rubra, Belula papyifera, Carpinus japonica. 

LESS SENSITIVE PLANTS Species of the genera Acer, Alnus, Populus, Quercus, Prunus, Rosa, Soknum, Zea, Vitis, Beta, Brassica, and species of the family of the Liliaceae 0.13 0.12 0.60 0.53... 

The grey alder (Alnus incana) wood was chosen as a test species in the present stucly for laboratory experiments, because it was also intended to elucidate the effea of catalysts on the mechanical [voperties of charcoal. 

Open chain diarylheptanoids were isolated from Acer nicoense (Aceraceae), from Alnus and Betula species Betulaceae), from Alpinia, Curcuma and Zingiber species belonging to the family of gingers Zingiberaceae) and finally from certain Cenirolobium species (Leguminosae). Individual compounds will be classified according to the plant families in which they occur. 

In the family of Betulaceae open chain diaryl-heptanoids were found in Alnus and Betula species. 

The dominant species are the spmce (Picea excelsa), the birch (Betula verrucosa, B. pubescens), the aspen (Populus tremula), and the alder Alnus incana). The moss and low bush layer is represented by the blueberry-bush Vaccinium myrtiilus), hypnic... 

Erdtman, Ann. 539, 116 (1939) from other Pinus species G. Lindstedt, Acta Chem. Scand. 3, 755-772 (1949) J. C. Alvarez -Novoa et of., ibid. 4, 444 (1950) from Alnus siebotdtana, Betulaceae Y, Asakawa, Bull. Chem. Soc- Japan 44, 2761 (1971) from Polygonum nodosum, Polygonaceae M. Kuro-yanagi el aL. Chem. Pharm. Bull 30, 1602 (1982). Synthesis of pinosylvjn E. Spath, F. Liebherr. Ber 74, 869 (1941) of monomethyl ether E. Spath, K. Kromp, ibid. 1424 of... 

Titus J. Nitrogen-fixers Alnus and Lupinus influence soil characteristics but not colonization by later successional species in primary succession on Mount St. Helens. Plant Ecol 2009 203 289-301. 

The red-orange staining that occurs on freshly cut wood and bark of various alder species Alms spp.) appears to be due to the oxidation of diarylheptanoids (68). Investigations of the possible precursors of the staining in red-alder wood (Oregon alder, Alnus rubra) revealed the presence of the diarylheptanoid xyloside oregonin (31 i) (68). 

The rate of darkening of some pulp suspensions from different species was found to be approximately in the order of Pinus, Fagus, Betula, Alnus, Picea, Abies, Larix, Populus, Acer, and Tilia (e.g., 81). Samples of newsprint (made... 

Common English name for several species of Rhamnus and Frangula the berries of which produce both a yellow and a green flavonoid dyestuff. R catharticus L., found in southern Europe, North Afi ica and Asia R. alatemus L., in southern Europe and additionally Frangula alnus Miller (formerly Rhamnus frangula L.), in North Africa, North-west Asia and all of Europe except the Mediterranean. The latter is commonly known as Alder buckthorn. Other dye producing Rhamnus species are found in other parts of Europe. 

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