Allylamine plasma polymerized

Pulsed Plasma Polymerization. Allyl alcohol, allylamine and acrylic acid were polymerized in pulsed plasma to retain a maximum in functionalities in the resulting plasma polymer. The retention of functional groups during the plasma process, introduced by functional-group carrying monomers and followed by deposition to polymer layers, was primarily measured by XPS including the chemical derivatization of these groups as described in Experimental. These layers were also checked for side-products by respective IR spectra. The results are summarized in Table 1. 

The strategy proposed by Yameen and coworkers [9] is more generally applicable as demonstrated by the successful grafting on five technologically important substrates poly(propylene) (PP), poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), PET, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (FIFE), and poly(4,4 -oxydiphenylene pyromellitimide) (PI). The approach involved poly(allylamine) deposition on these substrates by pulsed plasma polymerization. The amine functionalities of the resulting adlayer were then used for the attachment of ATRP initiators. 

Massey et al. studied the influence of LEE irradiation on plasma polymerized allylamine (Massey et al. 2010) and fluorocarbon (Massey et al. 2008b) coatings for stent applications to simulate irradiation conditions of implanted coated stents in the human body dnring diagnostic exposure to... 

Massey, S., E. Gallino, P. Cloutier et al. 2010. Low-energy electrons and x-ray irradiation effects on plasma-polymerized allylamine bioactive coatings for stents. Polym Degrad Stab 95 153-163. 

Gombotz WR, Hoffman AS. Functionalization of polymer films by plasma polymerization of aUyl alcohol and allylamine. Proc. ACS Div. Polymeric Materiab, Science and Engineering. 1987 56. 

Gombotz, W. R., and Hoffman, A. S., Functionalization ofPolymer Films by Plasma Polymerization of Allyl Alcohol and Allylamine, Proc. ACSDiv. Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering, Vol. 56 (1987)... 

Aizawa H, Kurosawa S, Kobayashi K, Kashima K, Hirokawa T, Yoshimi Y, Yoshimoto M, Hirotsu T, Miyake J, Tanaka H (2000) Turning of contact angle on glass plates coated with plasma-polymerized styrene, allylamine and acrylic acid. Mater Sci Eng C 12 49-54... 

Both the etching and deposition of thin diamond-like films were observed for PET track membranes treated with a mixture of N2 and cyclohexane plasma. The effective pore diameter increases and the membrane remains asymmetric. Such a modification improves the hydrodynamic characteristics of the track membranes— an increase in the filtration rate constant was observed however, this did not cause a drastic change in the value of the water permeability (Kravets et al. 2002). The plasma polymerization of the allylamine and AAc deposited a nonconsistent layer that decreased and partially blocked the pores of the PET track membranes (Toufik et al. 2002). Polymerization of lH,lH,2H-perfluoro-l-octene on the track PET membranes was aimed at protecting one side of the membrane against etching by the alkali (Trofimov et al. 2009) and in that way to change the pore shape... 

Plasma polymerization was also applied to obtain an RO membrane, taking as a support a microflltration PP membrane or a UF PSU membrane. All used monomers (AAc, acrylonitrile, allylamine, ethylenediamine, n-propylamine, and methyl methacrylate) in proper plasma conditions improved the RO performance and the membrane resistance of chlorine (Kim and Kim 2001,2006). 

Fig. 22. Pull-off force histograms recorded with a SiO probe on PS, isotactic PP, PVDF, and poly-(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), respectively, in perfluorode-caline (left) and force titration of plasma-polymerized allylamine films as measured in buffer using hydroxyl-terminated SFM tips together with representative f-d curves (right). The f-d curves display (depending on the pH of the buffered aqueous solution) (a) exclusively repulsive (pH 4.7), (b), (c) repulsive and attractive (pH 5.3 and 6.2, respectively), or (d) exclusively adhesive interactions (pH 6.8). Reprinted in part with permission from Ref. 86 (left). Copyright (1998) American Chemical Society, and Ref 216 (right). Copyright (2000) American Chemical Society.

A particnlarly powerfnl approach for the study of surface fimctional groups in polymers is the so-called method of force titration, introduced originally for monolayer systems (7,66,216,221-223). Force titration refers to the measurement of pull-off forces as a fimction of pH on polymers comprising ionizable functional groups. For instance, for plasma polymerized allylamine films, the force titration behavior (Fig. 22, right) was found to agree with the presence of primary amino groups in a locally hydrophobic environment based on the observed shift in force pi a ( 5.7) with respect to solution pi a ( 10.5) (216). 

Another important application field comprises biochips, such as DNA or protein chips. A DNA chip (Fig. 9) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots arrayed on a solid surface by covalent attachment to a chemical matrix, which utilize the selective nature of DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization and fluorophore-based detection for expression profiling, i.e. monitoring expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. Plasma polymerization techniques have been applied to achieve larger densities of the DNA probes attached, e.g. HMDS or allylamine coatings. ... 

In contrast to the above well-known strategies to modify CNTs for DNA delivery, Geyik et al. recently developed a new approach using the covalent attachment of linearized plasmid DNA to MWNTs. Cifuentes-Rius et al. demonstrated that two different monomers, pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFM) and allylamine (AA), could be polymerized on the CNT surface in a home-built plasma reactor, allowing the formation of CNT-mediated gene delivery vectors. ... 

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