Alkyl polycarboxylates

Chakravarti, R. N. The Course of Cyclisation in the Formation of Ali-cyclic Rings. Part I. Effect of Alkyl Groups on the Cyclisation of Polycarboxylic Acids. J. chem. Soc. (London) 1947, 1028. 

The results show that the metal ion binding ability increases with increasing size of the alkyl group on the copolymer chains. The number of water molecules coordinated to the Tb(III) in polycarboxylates such as PAA and MA-E was found to be 3.5. On the other hand in the monomeric carboxylates such as propionate and 2,3-dimethylsuccinate this number was 5.8 to 6.0 41). 

A one-pot reaction has been developed for the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, and primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols into their corresponding alkyl function using either diethylsilane or n-butylsilane as the reducing agent in the presence of the Lewis acid catalyst tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane carbon-carbon double bonds remain unaffected.366 Aliphatic and aromatic polycarboxylic acids are also conveniently reduced to their corresponding alkanes using the same reagents and catalyst.367... 

In the 1970s and 1980s, a number of amphoteric surfactants were introduced to the market that were based on alkyl polyamines, primary amines upon which is condensed acrylonitrile, then hydrogenated to produce an alkyl propylenediamine and, with additional cycles, alkyl polyamines. These, in turn, are alkylated with sodium chloroacetate to produce alkyl polyamine polycarboxylates. Some of these products find utility in laundry applications, in personal care products and as industrial foamers. 

The catalyst comprises Ti, Zr, or V MgCU an alkyl A1 compound and optionally an electron donor compound, e.g., alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl esters of polycarboxylic adds (phthalic or succinic)... 

Some additives, or combinations of additives, have been disclosed as impact or heat shock resistance promoters for cyanoacrylates. For example, a variety of alkyl and aryl polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides have been described as impact resistance promoters. The property measured was impact strength on steel according to ASTM D-950. In this test, an improvement in adhesion will result in an improved impact strength. These formulations show little or no improvement over a control in tests for fracture toughness. In other words, these additives are adhesion promoters, not... 

The sulfosuccinimdes may be of two varieties, one analogous to the previously mentioned succinic acid derivatives, where the sulfonate group is added across the double bond of maleic acid and subsequently reacted to produce the cyclic imide. The second variety requires a different synthetic approach, since the locations of their hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are reversed from those of the succinic acid derivatives. In this case, the starting material is a 2-alkyl, alkenyl, or similar succinic anhydride, which is reacted with the appropriate sulfoalkylamine to produce the amide acid, followed by dehydration to the imide. Similar reaction schemes can be used to prepare di- and higher polyesters and amides of malonic acid, itaconic acid, and other polycarboxylic acids. 

---