Alkyl Alkylation

Initiator Alkyl Alkyl Alkyl Alkyl Alkyl Alkyl Alkyl Redox... 

Key Step H NH2 alkyl alkyl H NH, alkyl aryl H NH2 aryl aryl alkyl alkyl alkyl alkyl NH2 alkyl aryl... 

Zn alkyls, generated in situ, are very versatile reagents for alkyl-alkyl, alkyl-aryl and aryl-aryl couplings [73]. Arylzinc bromides and benzylzinc iodides may serve as more reactive substitutes for boronates or stannanes in Pd-mediated couplings. 

Epoxide rearrangements are closely related to the pinacol rearrangement but allow a more general synthesis of carbonyl compounds. On treatment with acids or Lewis acids, even such weak ones as LiBr or MgBr2, epoxides (26) open to give the more stable carbonium ion (27) which rearranges to a carbonyl compound (28). The order for migration is usually H>Aryl> f-Alkyl > Alkyl > />-Alkyl. 

The energy of eclipsing increases in the order hydrogen-hydrogen < hydrogen-alkyl < alkyl-alkyl conformation. 

The most interesting and difficult cross-coupling is alkyl-alkyl coupling, because oxidative addition of alkyl halides having /i-hydrogen is slow. In addition, easy elimination of /d-hydrogen is expected after the oxidative addition. 

The reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodides with alkenes affords the perfluoro-alkylated alkyl iodides 931. Q.a-Difluoro-functionalized phosphonates are prepared by the addition of the iododifluoromethylphosphonate (932) at room temperature[778], A one-electron transfer-initiated radical mechanism has been proposed for the addition reaction. Addition to alkynes affords 1-perfluoro-alkyl-2-iodoalkenes (933)[779-781]. The fluorine-containing oxirane 934 is obtained by the reaction of allyl aicohol[782]. Under a CO atmosphere, the carbocarbonylation of the alkenol 935 and the alkynol 937 takes place with perfluoroalkyl iodides to give the fluorine-containing lactones 936 and 938[783]. 

Friedel-Crafts alkylation Alkyl halides react with benzene in the presence of alu minum chloride to yield alkylbenzenes... 

Ammonia can act as a nucleophile toward primary and some secondary alkyl halides to give primary alkylamines Yields tend to be modest because the primary amine IS itself a nucleophile and undergoes alkylation Alkylation of ammonia can lead to a mixture containing a primary amine a secondary amine a tertiary amine and a quaternary ammonium salt... 

R groups alkyl alkyl or aryl with substituents alkyl... 

QuaterniZation. Quaternary ammonium compounds are formed by alkylation of alkyl, alkyl dimethyl, dialkyl, and dialkylmethyl fatty amines with methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, or benzyl chloride (1,3,7,12,29). 

Alkylate. Alkylation means the chemical combination of isobutane with any one or a combination of propylene, butylenes, and amylenes to produce a mixture of highly branched paraffins that have high antiknock properties with good stabiUty. These reactions are cataly2ed by strong acids such as sulfuric or hydrofluoric acid and have been studied extensively (98—103). In the United States mostly butylenes and propylene are used as the olefins. 

Imidazole, 4-acetyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-synthesis, 5, 475 Imidazole, 1-acyl-reactions, 5, 452 rearrangement, 5, 379 Imidazole, 2-acyl-synthesis, 5, 392, 402, 408 Imidazole, 4-acyl-synthesis, 5, 468 Imidazole, C-acyl-UV spectra, 5, 356 Imidazole, N-acyl-hydrolysis rate constant, 5, 350 reactions, 5, 451-453 synthesis, 5, 54, 390-393 Imidazole, alkenyl-oxidation, 5, 437 polymerization, 5, 437 Imidazole, 1-alkoxycarbonyl-decarboxylation, 5, 453 Imidazole, 2-alkoxy-l-methyl-reactions, 5, 102 thermal rearrangement, 5, 443 Imidazole, 4-alkoxymethyl-synthesis, 5, 480 Imidazole, alkyl-oxidation, 5, 430 synthesis, 5, 484 UV spectra, 5, 355 Imidazole, 1-alkyl-alkylation, 5, 73 bromination, 5, 398, 399 HNMR, 5, 353 synthesis, 5, 383 thermal rearrangement, 5, 363 Imidazole, 2-alkyl-reactions, 5, 88 synthesis, 5, 469... 

Me3SiI, CHCI3, 25-50°, 12-140 h. lodotrimethylsilane in quinoline (180°, 70 min) selectively cleaves an aryl methyl group, in 72% yield, in the presence of a methylenedioxy group. Me3SiI cleaves esters more slowly than ethers and cleaves alkyl aryl ethers (48 h, 25°) more slowly than alkyl alkyl ethers (1.3-48 h, 25°), but benzyl, trityl, and /-butyl ethers are cleaved quite rapidly (0.1 h, 25°). ... 

Composition Alkylated Alkylated Modified Byphenyl and Polydimethyl Polyalkylene Inhibited... 

The term alkylation generally is applied to the acid catalyzed reaction hetween isohutane and various light olefins, and the product is known as the alkylate. Alkylates are the best of all possible motor fuels, having both excellent stability and a high octane number. 

ALCOHOL represents a convenient method of converting allyl alcohol to 2-substituted 1-propanols, while a one-pot reaction sequence of alkylation (alkyl lithium) and reduction (lithium—liquid ammonia) provides excellent yields of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM AROMATIC KETONES AND ALDEHYDES. 

Biodegradable detergent alkylate Alkylation procedure (C,0/,4) -paraffins 134... 

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