Alkyl silicates composition

Sodium a-olefinsulfonate, sodium silicate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate can be dissolved in water and cooled to give a gelled cleaning composition having high viscosity. Such mixtures are excellent cleaning compositions for ovens and other metal surfaces according to Watanabe and Schultz [95]. 

Patents assigned to Mobil (217) describe the use of boron trifluoride supported on several porous carriers. BF3 supported on silica was found to exhibit a slightly higher performance with added water in the alkylation of a mixed alkene feed at 273 K. It was also shown that self-alkylation activity was considerably lower than that with HF as catalyst. Another patent (218) describes the use of a pillared layered silicate, MCM-25, promoted with BF3 to give a high-quality alkylate at temperatures of about 273 K. BF3 was also supported on zeolite BEA, with adsorbed water still present (219). This composite catalyst exhibited low butene isomerization activity, which was evident from the inferior results obtained with 1-butene. At low reaction temperatures, the product quality was superior to that of HF alkylate. 

The swelling of the dodecyldiammonium vermiculite is restricted by the bridging alkyl chains (Fig. 28b). The constancy of the basal spacing indicates that the chain orientation (at an angle of 56° to the silicate layer) is independent on the composition of the hquid mixture. The free enthalpy of displacement of water by butanol, A21G, tras calculated from the surface excess isotherms [Eq. (23)]. It decreases with increasing X and reaches smaller values for the aUcylammonium vermiculites (—10 and —8.4 J/g) than for the dodecyldiammonium derivative (-4 J/g) (Fig. 29). 

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