Alkanes Hydrocarbons containing only single cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes, like alkanes, are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. Notice, though, that as a result of ring formation, each cycloalkane molecule contains two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane. 

Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (contain only single bonds) cycloalkanes are similar but have carbon rings. 

Hydrocarbons contain only C and H atoms, so their physical properties depend on the strength of their dispersion forces. The names of organic compounds have a root for the longest chain, a prefix for any attached group, and a suffix for the type of compound. Alkanes (CnHan+a) have only single bonds. Cycloalkanes (C Hp ) have ring structures that are typically nonplanar. Alkenes (CnHpn) have at least one C=C bond. Alkynes (CnHpn-p) have at least one C=C bond. Aromatic hydrocarbons have at least one planar ring with delocalized tt electrons. 

We begin our study with hydrocarbons, which have the general empirical formula QHj,. Those containing only single bonds, such as methane, ethane, and propane, are called alkanes. Molecules such as cyclohexane, whose carbons form a ring, are called cycloalkanes. Alkanes lack functional groups as a result, they are relatively nonpolar and unreactive. The properties and chemistry of the alkanes are described in this chapter and in Chapters 3 and 4. 

An alkane is a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds. Alkanes that do not contain rings have the formula C H2n + 2 An alkane in the shape of a ring is called a cycloalkane. Cycloalkanes have the formula CnH2n- An alkene is a compound that has at least one double bond. Straight-chain alkenes with one double bond have the same formula as cycloalkanes, Cj,H22,. 

Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes and cycloalkanes) contain only C—C single Problems 2.16-2.18 bonds. Alkanes have the general formula C H2 +2. 

Hydrocarbons fall into two broad classes based on the types of bonds between the carbon atoms. A hydrocarbon that has only carbon-carbon single bonds is saturated. Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds are unsaturated. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are two types of saturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes have carbon atoms bonded in chains cycloalkanes have carbon atoms bonded to form a ring. 

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