Alkaline-acid persulfate

Sahcylaldehyde is readily oxidized, however, to sahcyhc acid by reaction with solutions of potassium permanganate, or aqueous silver oxide suspension. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde can be oxidized to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with aqueous silver nitrate (44). Organic peracids, in basic organic solvents, can also be used for these transformations into benzoic acids (45). Another type of oxidation is the reaction of sahcylaldehyde with alkaline potassium persulfate, which yields 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (46). 

Under alkaline conditions, persulfates act as bleach boosters, accelerating the peroxide hair bleaching process by making the hair more porous and facilitating the absorption of dyes. Such persulfates are acidic, flammable when in solid form, and are water soluble [344]. Ammonium persulfate is often preferred because when it is diluted in an alkaline pH environment, it releases ammonia and better facilitates dye penetration into the hair [345]. 

Marchand and co-workers reported a synthetic route to TNAZ (18) involving a novel electrophilic addition of NO+ NO2 across the highly strained C(3)-N bond of 3-(bromomethyl)-l-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane (21), the latter prepared as a nonisolatable intermediate from the reaction of the bromide salt of tris(bromomethyl)methylamine (20) with aqueous sodium hydroxide under reduced pressure. The product of this reaction, A-nitroso-3-bromomethyl-3-nitroazetidine (22), is formed in 10% yield but is also accompanied by A-nitroso-3-bromomethyl-3-hydroxyazetidine as a by-product. Isolation of (22) from this mixture, followed by treatment with a solution of nitric acid in trifluoroacetic anhydride, leads to nitrolysis of the ferf-butyl group and yields (23). Treatment of (23) with sodium bicarbonate and sodium iodide in DMSO leads to hydrolysis of the bromomethyl group and the formation of (24). The synthesis of TNAZ (18) is completed by deformylation of (24), followed by oxidative nitration, both processes achieved in one pot with an alkaline solution of sodium nitrite, potassium ferricyanide and sodium persulfate. This route to TNAZ gives a low overall yield and is not suitable for large scale manufacture. 

Oxidation of aminopyridines with Caro s acid gives nitropyridines the use of peroxy-trifluoroacetic acid leads to nitropyridine JV-oxides (60JOC1716). Oxidation with alkaline hypochlorite converts aminopyridines into symmetrical azopyridines, and azoxypyridines are formed by oxidation with persulfate (59YZ549). 

The treatment of polonium(lV) with nitric acid/potassium permanganate under reflux yields a sludge of manganese dioxide which contains all the polonium originally present the valency state is uncertain. Polonium (IV) in weighable amounts is not oxidized by persulfate, ceric salts or chlorine in alkaline solution (12), although trace scale work indicates that both ceric salts and dichromate do oxidize polonium to polonium(VI) (94). 

Acid solutions, excluding hydrochloric e.g., phosphoric, sulhiric, most conditions, many organics Neutral solutions, e.g., many non oxidizing salt solutions, chlorides, sulfates Caustic and mild alkalies, excluding ammonium hydroxide Neutral or alkaline solutions, e.g, persulfates, peroxides, chromates Pitting media, acid ferric chloride solutions Freshwater supplies Seawater Steam Furnace gases with incidental sulfur content ... 

No dialdehyde groups are detectable in modified celluloses obtained by oxidation of cellulose with persulfate, hypobromite, hypochlorite, permanganate, nitric acid, or dichromate. " Alkaline-hypochlorite oxidized starches, which have already been partially degraded by alkali, are more resistant to alkaline degradation than are unmodified starches, and the alkali-lability slowly decreases with increasing oxidation because of the resulting oxidation of reducing ends."... 

The further oxidation of phenol may also result in the formation of catechol, C,iH4(OH) (1 2). The transformation may be effected by fusion with sodinm hydroxide.85 The snbstance may also be obtained by oxidizing benzene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous sulfate88 and by reducing o-benzoquinone with aqueous sulfurous acid in the cold.81 Quinol may be prepared from phenol by oxidation with potassium persulfate in alkaline solution.38 It can also be obtained directly from benzene by the electrolytic oxidation of an alcohol solution to which... 

DECYL ALCOHOL or -DECYL ALCOHOL (112-30-1) CjoHjjO Combustible liquid, [explosion limits in air (vol %) 0.7 to 5.5 flash point 180°F/82°C oc autoignition temp 550°F/288°C Fire Rating 2]. Reacts violently with oxidizers, acetal bromide acetaldehyde, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, alkaline earth, alkali metals, strong acids, ammonium persulfate, strong caustics, aliphatic amines, benzoyl peroxide, boranes, bromine dioxide, chromic acid, chromium trioxide. 

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