Alkalis properties

The chemical name for potash is potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Early humans also knew about a similar substance called mineral alkali. This material was made from certain kinds of rocks. But it also had alkali properties. Mineral alkali was also called soda ash. The modern chemical name for soda ash is sodium carbonate (Na2C03). 

Here, and are protonation and deprotonation constants at the interface, and is electric potential of the formed charge. Equilibrium constants in these reactions characterize acid-alkali properties of the mineral surface as amphoteric substance and are called surface acidity constants. 

For the explanation of hydrolytic dissolution processes currently is widely used activated-complex theory, which is also called transition state theory or absolute reaction rate theory. According to this theory, at hydration and protonation on the surface of the mineral form functional groups X-OH, X-OH and X-0 , which have acid-alkali properties dependent on pH of the solution. However, not the entire specific surface of the mineral participates in dissolution reactions but only its effective portion, which is taken by the... 

Features Stable to hard water salts, dil. acids and alkalis Properties Wh. low-vise, disp. misc. with water dens. 1.1 g/cm (23 C) ... 

Case Steric effect Hydration effect Alkali Properties of alkali halides ... 

Uses Detergent for industriai cleaners, acid cleaners, textile auxiliaries Features Resistant to acids and alkalis Properties Liq. 100% ad. 

Uses Hydrophilic detergent for liq. industrial cleaners low foaming stable to alkalis Properties Liq. 99% cone. 

Features Good mech. and chem. stability stable in alkali Properties Liq. 30% cone. 

Uses Dispersant for dyestuffs, pigments, disperse dyes leveling agent for dyes Features Low-foaming good heat stability high resist, to acids and alkalis Properties Cl, br, liq, sol, in water dens, 1,24 g/ml, vapor pressure 22,2-23,0 mm Hg fp, -3 C m,p, -3-0 C flash pt, above 200 C pH 8,0-10,0 surf, tens, 59 dynes/ cm (30 C)... 

Features High foaming stable in hard water, acids, alkalis Properties Lt. yel. free-flowing powd. dissolves in water m.w. 343-345 bulk dens. 420 40 g/l pH 10-11 (1%) 8S 7% act. 

Chem. Descrip. Isopropylamine alkylbenzene sulfonate Uses Raw material for detergents, dishwash, cleaning liqs., car shampoos, industrial cleaners and in plastics, metal, agric., polish, textiles, mining, oil and cement industries emulsifier in solv.-based waterless hand and industrial cleaners Features Stable in hard water, diluted acids and alkalis Properties Golden vise. Iiq., weak odor sol. in water m.w. 381 vise. 20,000-30,000 cp cloud pt. < -10 C pH 6.5-8.0 (1%) 94-96% act. 

Uses Defoamer for use in jet machines and other highly agitated systems Features Designed to reduce and eliminate foam will not leave spots on goods or build-up on machinery or equip. not affected by acid or alkali Properties SI. viscous liq. negligible odor disp. in water sp.gr. 1.0 dens. 8.3 lb/ gal pH neutral Storage 6 mos. shelf life Emka Defoam AA [Emkay ]... 

Uses Dispersant deflocculant for clustered particles vise, reducer Features Stable in presence of mild acids and alkalis Properties Buff-colored gran. apparent dens. 40-42 Ib/ft pH 8-10.5 (1%) surf, tens. 70-72 dynes/cm (1%) 94% total solids HarolRG-71L [Graden ]... 

Uses Afterscouring agent, wetting agent, detergent for dyed and printed fabrics Features Stable to hard water, moderate cones, of acids and alkalis Properties Light yellow clear viscous liq. sol. in water pH 8.5 (10% aq.) 70% cone. 

Uses Wetting agent for foam wax stripper, degreaser, cleaning formulations stable to acid and alkali Properties Liq. 49% cone. 

Microporous types can be produced with pore sizes down to 1 pm. Ceramic elements can be used for filtering both air and Uqnids. They are particularly suitable for use with acids and alkalis. Properties of media for nse with higher temperature fluids are shown in Table 2.6. Table 2.6 Properties of high temperature media ... 

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