Polynuclear aromatic compound-alkali metal

More than 800 chemicals have been identified as being toxic to the skin. These include aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, glycols, aldehydes, ketones, inorganic oxidizers, heavy metals, acids, alkalis, pesticides, plasticizers, polynuclear aromatic compounds, POPs, and surfactants J1-3 A partial list of these is contained in Table 27.1. A more complete list is available on the Scorecard web site.I3 ... 

TTHE REACTION OF benzene or one of its derivatives with an alkali metal in liquid ammonia containing an alcohol cosolvent is known as the Birch reduction (1-6). As expected with anionic intermediates, 1-substituted-1,4-dihydro products result from electron-withdrawing groups, and 2,5-dihydro products result from electron-donating groups, as shown in Scheme I. Application of these conditions to polynuclear aromatic compounds produces complications because the products formed initially are subject to reduction under the reaction conditions (3). Although methods such as the use of iron salts minimize side reactions, more recently developed procedures avoid... 

The gas produced by gasification can contain one or more of contaminants such as ash, char, alkali metals, nitrogen compounds, polynuclear aromatic compounds, tar, sulfur-containing compounds (including hydrogen sulfide), and (on occasion) chlorine-containing compounds. The identity and amount of these contaminants depend on the gasification process and the type of coal. 

Base catalysis is most effective with alkali metals dispersed on solid supports or in the homogeneous form as aldoxides, amides, and so on. Small amounts of promoters may be added to form organoalkali compounds that really have the catalytic power. Basic ion exchange resins also are useful. Some base-catalyzed processes are isomerization and oligomerization of olefins, reaction of olefins with aromatics, and hydrogenation of polynuclear aromatics. 

Dyotropic Rearrangements and Related cr-o- Exchange Processes, 16, 33 Electronic Effects in Metallocenes and Certain Related Systems, 10, 79 Electronic Structure of Alkali Metal Adducts of Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 2, 115 Electron-Transfer Reactions of Mononuclear Organotransition Metal Complexes, 23, I Electron-Transfer Reactions of Polynuclear Organotransition Metal Complexes, 24, 87 Fast Exchange Reactions of Group 1, 11, and 111 Organometallic Compounds, 8, 167 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction, 17, 61 Fluorocarbon Derivatives of Metals, 1, 143... 

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