Aliphatic Nitrates

The molecular ion peak (odd number) of aliphatic nitrates (one nitrogen present) is weak or absent. A prominent (frequently the base) peak is formed by cleavage of the C—C bond next to the 0N02 group with loss of the heaviest alkyl group attached to the a-carbon. The NOz+ peak at m/z 46 is also prominent. As in the case of aliphatic nitrites, the hydrocarbon fragment ions are distinct. 

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Table 7. Properties of Explosive Aliphatic Nitrate Esters...

Aliphatic Nitration. Alkanes undergo electrophilic nitration with nitronium salts such as (N02) piotic solvent such as CH2CI2... 

O- and N-containing heterocyclics Aliphatic nitrates with an a-methyl group (CH3CHONOz)... 

Drivers for Performing Aliphatics Nitrations in Micro Reactors... 

Beneficial Micro Reactor Properties for Aliphatics Nitrations... 

Effects of chain length and substitution. Comparing the stabiiity of alkyl nitrates or aliphatic nitrated derivatives, in spite of instability to the extent of making it hazardous to handle them, stability increases rapidly with the number of alkyl groups. So nitroethanes, especially nitropropanes and nitrobutanes, are commonly used industrial raw materials. 

Aliphatic iodine derivatives, 14 376 Aliphatic ketones, 14 563, 571, 581-585 reactions of, 16 331-332 Aliphatic monothiopolyesters, 23 739 Aliphatic nitration, 12 187 Aliphatic peroxyacids, 13 464 Aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids, 18 463 Aliphatic phosphines, 19 60 Aliphatic polyamides (PA), 10 207-210 19 713, 739. See also Aromatic polyamides PA entries producers of, 10 210 properties of, 10 208, 209t Aliphatic polycarbonates, 24 703 preparation of, 19 798 Aliphatic polyketones (PK), 10 197 costs of, 10 222 properties of, 10 198t Aliphatic poly(monosulfide)s, 23 702-704 Aliphatic polyphosphonate dyes, 9 480 Aliphatic poly(polysulfide)s, 23 711 Aliphatic polysulfides, 23 734 Aliphatic polysulfoxides, 23 733 miscibility of, 23 735 Aliphatic polyurea preparation, carbonyl sulfide in, 23 625... 

Unavailable because experimental methods for estimation of this parameter for aliphatic nitrates are lacking in the documented literature... 

G.A. Olah, R. Malhotra u. S. C. Narang, Organic Nitro Chemistry Series, in H.l Feuer Nitration, Methods and Mechanisms, S. 219-311 (Aliphatic Nitration), VCH, Weinheim 1989. 

A process is described for producing aliphatic nitrates or nitro compds from the corresponding nitrites or nitrose compds by oxidation with N02 or O and N202 or NO. 

It is of some interest to apply Trouton s rule (entropy of vaporization at the boiling point is a constant) to the above data. Unfortunately, boiling points are known only for nitric acid and some of the aliphatic nitrates. Their Trouton constants (AH p/Tbp) are 20.2 and ca 22.8 entropy units, respectively. Thus they straddle the normal Trouton constant of 21 eu. This observation, coupled with the observed constancy of the specific heat of vaporization, suggests that intermolecular bonding in nitrate esters may be relatively weak, or at least consistent... 

Merrow and van Dolah also established that during the hydrolysis of / -chloro-ethyl nitrate, l,3-dichloro-2-propyl nitrate, glycerol trinitrate or glycol dinitrate the gaseous products are evolved more vigorously than during the reaction of unsubstituted aliphatic nitrates. 

Diethylene Glycol Aliphatic nitrates may cause dilation Proper ventilation, protective gloves,... 

B.D. Roos, T.B. Brill, Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 82. Correlations of Gaseous Products with the Composition of Aliphatic Nitrate Esters, Combust. Flame, 128(1-2) (2002) 181-190. Y. Oyumi,... 

Aminaaleohels, Aliphatic, Nitrated Derivatives, investigated during WWII under the direaion of Prof A.T.Blomquist included ... 

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