Nitration aliphatic

CA 38, 3478(1944) (Dynamite consisting of AN mixed with NG and at least 15% of a nitrated aliphatic paraffin, such as Nitromethane, Dinitroethane, etc. These Dynamites were less sensitive to shock than those consisting of only NG and AN)... 

Alkalsit is a Ger blasting expi which is described in PATR 2510(1958), p Ger 3 Alkanes, Nitrated Derivatives (Nitrated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons). The first nitro-alkane described in the literature was 1,2-dinitroethane, prepd in Russia by A.Semenov. Since then hundreds of nitroalkanes, some of them explosive, were obtained. The reference given below describes old and new methods of prepn of nitro alkanes. Most of expl nitro alkanes are described in this dictionary under their parent names, such as methane, ethane, propane, etc Ref 0. vonSchickh, AngewChem 62, 547-56 (1950)(Chemie und Technologie der Nitro-alkane)... 

When two or more different primary plosophores are present in a single molecule, the compd is called hybrid (eg nitrate aliphatic nitro, nitrate aromatic nitro, nitramine aromatic nitro). It was established that hybrids are as powerful (or more) as pure types, although they tend to exhibit somewhat greater variability. This property of hybrids is of importance, because it extends enormously the synthetic possibilities for expls... 

Oxidation followed by decomposition of the molecule may result in the formation of nitrated aliphatic compounds, as for example tetranitromethane and chloro-picrin in the nitrations of toluene or chlorobenzene respectively. 

Konovalov [15] nitrated aliphatic hydrocarbons in sealed tubes at 120-130°C, using dilute nitric acid of concentration 6.5-19%. From normal hydrocarbons he obtained secondary nitro compounds in yields varying from 40% (2-nitro-hexane from hexane) to 49-50% (2-nitrooctane from octane). Aromatic hydrocarbons with an aliphatic substituted group when nitrated under the same conditions gave nitro derivatives with a nitro group in the side chain. For example, ethylbenzene, when nitrated with 12.5% nitric acid at 105-108°C, gives phenyl-nitroethane in 44% yield. The optimum yield is obtained with 13% acid. 

N2OS was successfully used by Schbllkopf and associates [46] to nitrate aliphatic diazocompounds to obtain eventually nitrodiazomethane [46b] and dinitrodiazomethane [46c]. As the Hrst step esters of diazoacetic acid were nitrated with half a mole of NjOs in carbon tetrachloride at —20 to 30 C ... 

Reacts with acids, acid salts, chlorates, nitrates, aliphatic amines, isocyanates, oleum. Decomposes above boiling point 442°F/227°C, forming lethal hydrogen cyanide gas. Avoid hot water and steam. Attacks mild (low carbon) steel, copper, and copper alloys. Thermal decomposition releases hydrogen cyanide gas. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), alcohol-resistant foam, or CO2 extinguishers. Water may cause foaming. 

Sodium amideln-propyl nitrate Aliphatic nitration... 

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