Algae test organisms

The examples of the attribution of the real sewage sludge formed on different treatment plants to the classes of hazard are presented in Table 7. The same approach was adopted in Russia for the attribution of the waste as a whole to the classes of hazard. The only difference is the use of the test organisms representing water life (water flea, algae, protozoa) [174]. 

For example, inter-calibration exercises have been undertaken with algae (Thellen et al., 1989), bacteria (Ribo, 1997 Ross et al., 1999 ), fish cells (Gagne et al., 1999a), invertebrates (Cowgill, 1986 Persoone et al., 1993 Burton et al., 1996 Hayes et al., 1996), protozoans (Dive et al., 1990), and test organisms of several biotic levels (Rue et al., 1988 Ronco et al., 2002). 

A mono-specific culture of a test organism (e.g., a single micro-algal species) which is devoid of other species of microorganisms (e.g. other types of algae) and also free of bacterial contamination. Volume 1 (3,7,8). 

In certain health food literature, Spirulina, a blue-green algae, has been claimed to be a source of vitamin B12. It appears that this was based on the results obtained from the United States Pharmacopeia microbiological assay for vitamin B12. This assay uses Lactobacillus leichmannii as the test organism and it is known that this organism responds to some vitamin B12 analogs. Herbert and Drivas (H7) found that analogs of the vitamin accounted for more than 80% of what appeared to be vitamin B12. ... 

OECD, 2006. Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No 201. Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, 26... 

Test organism Selenastrum capricornutum ATCC 22662 (renamed Raphidocelis subcapitata and more recently Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), Scenedesmus subspicatus 86.81 SAG, Chloressa vulgaris CCAP 211/1 lb. Principle/Procedure The growth inhibition of alga exposed to soil elutriates is determined. 

OECD 201 (1984) Guideline for testing of chemicals alga, growth inhibition test. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris. 

For environmental testing, bioassays provide an integrated picture of the overall toxicity of pore water, sediment elutriate or sediment from a contaminated site. Various aquatic organisms, such as vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoa, algae, macrophytes and bacteria are used to test environmental samples. The idea behind these toxicity tests is that the test organisms will react in a predictable way to various types of environmental contaminants. 

Level 3a A baseline bioavailability correction (Level 3a) can be conducted if a BLM for algae, fish or invertebrates is available. Such baseline bioavailability correction, consisting of the application of a conservative bioavailability factor (Bio-F), is applicable if no direct evidence is available to support a cross-reading or if mechanisms of toxicity differ across species within a specific trophic level. This method is based on the calculation of reference NOEC/ECio values (i.e. reference NOEC/ECio dissolved) and normalised NOEC/ECio values for the test organisms for which the bioavailabiUty models were developed under typical site-specific conditions (i.e. site-specific NOEC/ECio bioavaUabie, dissolved). Both normalised toxicity values are compared for every species for which the bioavailability models were developed, and the most conservative value (smallest correction for bioavailability, site - specific NOEC/ECjq HoavailaWe, dissolved v... 

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