Amino acids aldehydes and

The electron donor/hole scavenger to be used in actinide valence control must have two properties. The first is that it is capable of undergoing an irreversible oxidation, either by valence holes formed by the photo-excitation of the semiconductor photocatalyst or by means of the hydroxide radicals generated by the oxidation of water by the same valence band holes. Suitable materials include organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, amino acids, and hydrazine and its oxidation products, such as hydroxylamine and dihydrox-ylamine. 

The introduction of ion-exclusion chromatography is attributed to Wheaton and Bauman [1], It serves, above all, for the separation of weak inorganic and organic acids. In addition, ion-exclusion chromatography can be utilized for the separation of alcohols, aldehydes, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Due to Donnan exclusion, fully dissociated acids are not retained at the stationary phase, eluting therefore within the void volume as a single peak. Undissociated compounds, however, can diffuse into the pores of the resin, since they are not subject to Donnan exclusion. In this case, separations are based on non-ionic interactions between the solute and the stationary phase. 

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