Alcohol Triglyceride oxidation

Accumulation of cytoplasmic NADH and glycerol 3-P may also contribute to lipid accumulation in alcoholic liver disease. Free fatty acids released from adipose in part enter the liver where P-oxidation is very slow (high NADH). In the presence of high glycerol-3P, fatty acids are inappropriately stored in the liver as triglyceride. 

To continue the process, the fatty methyl esters are phase-separated from the glycerin (or glycerol—same thing, just to keep you on your toes), washed with water to remove any trace amounts of methanol and glycerin and dried. In a second reaction, the methyl esters are hydrogenated to get the fatty alcohols (in the southeast corner of Figure 15—2). The catalyst is usually a mixture of cupric chromite and cupric oxide in the form of a finely divided powder. Conversion of the triglycerides is about 95%. 

As shown in Figure 2-23, oil breakdown during frying can be caused by oxidation and thermal alteration. Oxidation can result in the formation of oxidized monomeric, dimeric, and oligomeric triglycerides as well as volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. In addition, oxidized sterols may be formed. Thermal degra-... 

Jojoba (jojoba oil). A perennial, dioecious plant (Sim-mondsia chinensis, Buxaceae) indigenous to California and Mexico. Oil content of seeds 45-50%, protein up to 30%. J. oil mp. 6.8-7°C, bp. 389°C. J. oil is an exception among the plant oils since it does not contain triglycerides but ra er a liquid wax ester. The main components of J. oil are docosenyl eicosenoate (37 %), eicosenyl eicosenoate (24%), and eicoseny 1 do-cosenoate (11%), thus mainly wax esters with 40 and 42 C atoms. The wax esters of J. oils are very stable to oxidation (see linoleic acid) since they consist to > 95% of mono-unsaturated fatty alcohols and acids of the ffl9-series. 

The BHULPHORS are esters of naturally derived fatty acids, fatty alcohols or triglycerides and ethylene oxide. They are excellent lubricants, emulsifiers, solubilizers and dispersants, in a wide variety of applications. 

Oxidation Oxygen Oxidized monomeric triglycerides Dimeric and oligomeric triglycerides Volatile compounds (e.g., aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, and aromatic compounds)... 

The microorganisms first hydrolyze the triglycerides enzymatically (cf. 3.7.1) and then they degrade the free acids by a P-oxidation pathway (Fig. 3.41). The fatty acids methyl ketones, the C-skeletons of which have one C-atom less than those of the fatty acids. Apparently, the thiohydrolase activity of these fungi is higher than the p-ketothiolase activity. Hence, ester hydrolysis occurs instead of thio-clastic cleavage of the thioester of a P-keto acid (see a textbook of biochemistry). The P-keto acid released is rapidly decarboxylated enzymatically a portion of the methyl ketones is reduced to the corresponding secondary alcohols. 

Jojoba Oil Jojoba oil is often referred to a hquid wax. It is not a triglyceride, but contains more than 90% esters of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty alcohols. Jojoba oil is relatively stable to oxidation. It is widely used in cosmetics. There are numerous derivatives of jojoba available such as waxes or butters that are naturally derived. 

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