Alcohol aluminum

Although the Ziegler reaction provides a more direct method for produciag primary alcohols, aluminum alkyl chemistry requires special handling and is fairly cosdy. The by-product aluminum salts usuaUy require some treatment for disposal (115). 

Allyl alcohol Aluminum phosphide 4-Aminopyridine Arsenic acid Arsenic pentoxide Arsenic trioxide Calcium cyanide Carbon disulfide p-Chloroaniline... 

The reaction of complex hydrides with carbonyl compounds can be exemplified by the reduction of an aldehyde with lithium aluminum hydride. The reduction is assumed to involve a hydride transfer from a nucleophile -tetrahydroaluminate ion onto the carbonyl carbon as a place of the lowest electron density. The alkoxide ion thus generated complexes the remaining aluminum hydride and forms an alkoxytrihydroaluminate ion. This intermediate reacts with a second molecule of the aldehyde and forms a dialkoxy-dihydroaluminate ion which reacts with the third molecule of the aldehyde and forms a trialkoxyhydroaluminate ion. Finally the fourth molecule of the aldehyde converts the aluminate to the ultimate stage of tetraalkoxyaluminate ion that on contact with water liberates four molecules of an alcohol, aluminum hydroxide and lithium hydroxide. Four molecules of water are needed to hydrolyze the tetraalkoxyaluminate. The individual intermediates really exist and can also be prepared by a reaction of lithium aluminum hydride... 

The classic study of Al(OR)3 was carried out by Tishchenko [1585] at the end of nineteenth century. His dissertation, entitled On the Action of Amalgamated Aluminum on Alcohols (Aluminum Alkoxides, Their Properties and Reactions), became a great resonance for the chemistry of alkoxides (see also Chapter 1). The synthetic approaches, that he developed are still in use the purity of the samples obtained by Tishchenko, taking into account the data he reported, was definitely not worse than that of those described at present. In 1929 Meerwein and Bersin [1101], performing the acidimetric titration of Al(OR)3 solutions by solutions of alkali alkoxides, discovered the existence of bimetallic alkoxides (Meerwein salts), which play an important role in the modern chemistry of metal alkoxides. 

ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS Aluminum iso-propoxide. Oxygen, singlet. Tiimcthyl-silyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. 

Butyl phosphate has been prepared by the action of phosphorus oxychloride upon -butyl alcohol, aluminum butoxide, or sodium butoxide. The above procedure is similar to one that has been used for the preparation of alkyl phosphites. ... 

Liquid phase modifications. Alternatively a porous membrane can be reduced in pore size by a liquid deposition prcx ess where the membrane is dipped into a solution or sol to form deposits inside the membrane pores. For example, a silicon nitride tube with a mean pore diameter of 0.35 pm is first immersed in a solution of aluminum alcoholate (aluminum isopropylate or 2aluminum tris(ethyl acetoacetate) or ethyl acetoacetate aluminum diisopropylate) in an organic solvent (hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, isopropanol, etc.). It is then treated with saturated water vapor to hydrolyze the alcoholate or chelate to form bochmite inside the pores, thus changing the pore diameter to as small as 20 nm [Mitsubishi Heavy Ind., 1984a and 1934b]. Upon calcining at 800X, boehmite transforms into transition-alumina. 

Hardeners (or increasing melting point) Beeswax Cetyl alcohol Stearic acid Stearyl alcohol Aluminum monostearate (or di- and tristearate) Bentonite Magnesium stearate Colloidal silicon dioxide... 

Keywords tetrahydropyranylation, alcohol, aluminum chloride hexahydrate... 

SULFUROUS OXIDE (7446-09-5) SO, Noncombustible liquefied gas under pressure or liquid. Contact with air forms hydrogen chloride fumes. Violent reaction with water or steam, forming sulfurous acid, a medium-strong acid and corrosion hazard. Reacts violently with acetylene, acrolein, alcohols, aluminum powder alkali metals (i.e., potassium, sodium) amines, ammonia, bromine pentafluoride butadiene caustics, cesium acetylene carbide chlorates, chlorine trifluoride chromium powder copper or copper alloy powders chlorine, diethylzinc, fluorine, ethylene oxide lead dioxide lithium acetylene carbide diamino-, metal powders monolithium acetylide-ammonia nitryl chloride potassium acetylene carbide potassium acetylide, potassium chlorate rubidium carbide silver azide sodium acetylide staimous oxide. Decon oses in... 

---