Al-style reference

If you choose Options... from the Tools menu and choose the General tab, you can change several default settings that will apply to all future workbooks, such as the number of sheets in a new workbook. You can also switch from using Al-style references in formulas to RlCl-style references the labels in the column header row of each worksheet change from A, B, C,... to 1, 2,3,.... Formulas using RlCl-style references will not be discussed in this book. 

Object is required if it is Worksheet. Reference must be an Al-style reference, in quotes, or the name of the reference. 

Determination of MS/MS conditions using the MALDI ion source coupled to the triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer takes a different approach (Kovarik et al., 2003) which at present is not as easily automated. As mentioned earlier, some product ion spectra will contain additional fragment ions not related to the analyte due to isobaric matrix peaks. However, MS/MS conditions previously obtained by using an ESI-MS/MS system can be directly ported over to the MALDI triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. These conditions provide the advantage of product ion selection for SRM of the analyte. In the typical high-throughput environment, individual methods for each chemical entity are not normally utilized. Rather, the semioptimized template-style methods referred to above are often used wherein a few values of collision energy are combined with the appropriate SRM and polarity. These methods are ported to the MALDI triple quadmpole mass spectrometer, and no further... 

Figure 5 Summary of some of the important physical and chemical transformations of mercury in the atmosphere figure style adapted from Shia et al., 1999 reactions from Shia et al. (1999) and Lin and Pehkonen (1999) and the references therein).

In contrast to the hypothesis testing style of model selection/discrimination, the posterior predictive check (PPC) assesses the predictive performance of the model. This approach allows the user to reformulate the model selection decision to be based on how well the model performs. This approach has been described in detail by Gelman et al. (27) and is only briefly discussed here. PPC has been assessed for PK analysis in a non-Bayesian framework by Yano et al. (40). Yano and colleagues also provide a detailed assessment of the choice of test statistics. The more commonly used test statistic is a local feature of the data that has some importance for model predictions for example, the maximum or minimum concentration might be important for side effects or therapeutic success (see Duffull et al. (6)) and hence constitutes a feature of the data that the model would do well to describe accurately. The PPC can be defined along the fines that posterior refers to conditioning of the distribution of the parameters on the observed values of the data, predictive refers to the distribution of future unobserved quantities, and check refers to how well the predictions reflect the observations (41). This method is used to answer the question Does the observed data look plausible under the posterior distribution This method is therefore solely a check of internal consistency of the model in question. 

In the next phase, the co-dtation matrix needed to be constructed and visualized. For the construction of the matrix, references were either extracted automatically (ISl) or manually (EBSCO) for each publication included in the analysis. As the entries in die reference lists included different citation styles or misspellings, all references needed to be normalized. I then excluded those references which were not part of the dataset, i.e. those which were not included in the 111 papers. By this procedure many references were excluded from the analysis, but the matrix could be constructed more effidendy. The focus of the citation analysis was rather on the connection of papers within the field of user innovation than on the epistemological foundations thereof (cf. Raasch et al. forthcoming). Thus it was sufficient to include only papers that focus on the topic of user innovation, and not its intellectual ancestry. In the next step I constructed the citation matrix. This 111x111 matrix included all articles and indicated which other publications from the pool were cited. Publications that were not died at all and did not co-dte others were deleted from the matrix, as they were obsolete for the analysis. This yielded a list of 100 publications. In the last step the co-citation matrix was built I exduded papers that were not co-cited (46 publications) from the analysis. The doseness measure used in this study (CoCit score) was calculated. The CoCit score of two documents (A and B) ranges from 0 to 1 and can be calculated as follows (Gmiir 2003) ... 

The first self-consistent PRISM studies by Schweizer et al. considered only the HNC-style solvation potential and were based on an optimized perturbative, not variational, determination of the ideal reference system effective bending energy. The starting point is a simple functional expansion of the true single-chain free energy about an ideal reference system" ... 

Besides these on-fault effects, numerous off-fault, coseismic ground-failure features can find their way into the archeological record, such as landslides and rockfaUs, subsidence and uplift, and liquefaction (see Rodriguez-Pascua et al. 2011 and references therein). The latter sediment-deformation features form the focus of earthquake archeology Japan style (Barnes 2010). 

As a comparison consider the sliding point contact results of Vergne, et al. [15]. Here the film thickness was calculated numerically over the entire contact assuming the constitutive equation (6) for various values of r . Their results for central film thickness are shown as the solid points in Figure 3. A simple Grubin style analysis for the same Hertz pressure, Ph, the same pressure-viscosity behavior, and the same reduced radius of curvature as reference [15]was... 

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