Airline and Ship Safety

airlines and ships are an important mode of transportation around the globe. The world s 900 airlines—with a total of around 22,000 aircraft— carry over 1.6 billion passengers for business and leisure travel each year, and about 40% of world trade of goods is carried by air [1-3]. Similarly, there are about 90,000 merchant ships in the world, and they transport over 90% of the world s cargo [4,5]. 

Over the years, airline and ship safety has been an important issue, and various measures have been taken for its improvement. For example, in the area of civil aviation in the United States, the Air Commerce Act was passed in 1926 [6,7]. The act required the examination and licensing of pilots and aircraft, proper investigation of accidents, and the establishment of safety rules. Due to measures such as these, the safety in the airline area has improved quite significantly, and currently the accident rate for air travel is around one fatality per 1 million flights [1-3]. 

In the area of sea transportation, over the years there have been many accidents and other safety-related problems. For example, the sinking of the RMS Titanic, a passenger liner owned by a British shipping company, in 1912 resulted in 1,517 onboard fatalities [8]. Safety in the area of sea transportation has improved quite significantly over the years, but it is still an important issue. 

This chapter presents various important aspects of airline and ship safety. 

---

Chapter 9 presents various important aspects of airline and ship safety, including U.S. airline-related fatalities and accident rates, aircraft accidents during flight phases and causes of airline crashes, world airline accident analysis, air safety-related regulatory bodies and their responsibilities, aviation recording and reporting systems, noteworthy marine accidents, ship safety assessment, and ship port-related hazards. 

All 140 members of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) reqnire a thermal protection aid (TPA) to be carried on board vessels as standard eqnipment in case of shipwreck and the thermal protection required is from cold, to prevent hypothermia. The spnnbonded polyolefin fibre fabric Tyvek , made by DnPont, when alnminised and made into survival suits and survival bags, satisfies the SOLAS criteria. These suits can also be used in Arctic emergencies. Thermal insnlation overalls made from Tyvek are also carried by many Merchant Navy ships and by several airlines flying the polar route in case the aircraft is forced down onto the Arctic ice. ... 

Fortunately, the shipping documents were correct. The airline policy required the cargo to be weighed independently before loading an aircraft. The policy required a form of redundancy to ensure aircraft safety. The weight and distribution of loads on aircraft are critical to their abdity to fly safely... 

Transportation - Motor vehicle safety distracted driving fleet safety airline, shipping and rail transport hazmat spill response. 

---