Aircraft propulsion components

Metallic components used for the construction of energy conversion/producing systems, petrochemical plants and gas turbines for aircraft propulsion are all required to operate... 

An assembly is an integrated set of components and/or subassemblies that comprise a defined part of a subsystem, for example, the pilot s radar display console or the fuel injection assembly of an aircraft propulsion subsystem. An assembly can also be composed of a number of parts, subassemblies, or any combination thereof joined together to perform a specific function and which can be disassembled without destruction of designed use (i.e., they can be reassembled). Typical examples of assemblies are power supplies, memory boards, switching devices, and so on. An assembly would be reflected as a specific level in a system hierarchy. 

Assembly—an integrated set of components and/or subassemblies that comprise a defined part of a subsystem, for example, the pilot s radar display console or the fuel injection assembly of an aircraft propulsion subsystem... 

Control of nitrogen oxides ia aircraft exhaust is of increa sing concern because nitrogen oxides react with ozone ia the protective layer of atmosphere which exists ia the altitude region where supersonic aircraft operate. Research is under way to produce a new type of combustor which minimizes NO formation. It is an essential component of the advanced propulsion unit needed for a successflil supersonic transport fleet. 

Modern gas turbine engines are conveniently divided into three classes. The earliest successful aircraft gas turbine engines were the true jet engines, more specifically called turbo-jets. In these engines the whole of the propulsive force is provided by the jet thrust and the turbine is designed to extract only enough power to drive the compressor and some auxiliary components. 

This chapter discusses issues relevant to assessing exposure of military personnel to jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8). The chapter begins with a description of various scenarios under which military personnel are exposed to JP-8, followed by a brief discussion of the challenges of quantifying human exposure to this distillate fuel. The next section contains a summary of data from studies that have measured concentrations of several components of JP-8 in ambient air at Air Force aircraft maintenance sites. Studies measuring body burden of several JP-8 components in workers involved in aircraft maintenance are also presented. The final section of this chapter describes how the physical and chemical properties of JP-8 affect uptake into the body from exposure by the inhalation, dermal, and oral routes. This last section also serves as a prelude to interpretation of animal toxicity studies conducted with distillate fuels (e.g., JP-8) that are described in later chapters. 

During the past decades, progress in aeronautics and astronautics has been remarkable because people have learned to master the difficult feat of hypervelocity flight. A variety of manned and unmanned aircraft have been developed for faster transportation from one point on earth to another. Similarly, aerospace vehicles have been constructed for further exploration of the vast depths of space and the neighboring planets in the solar system. RPs has found numerous uses in specialty areas (ablation, insulation, etc.) such as hypersonic atmospheric flight and chemical propulsion exhaust systems. The particular RP employed in these applications is based on the inherent properties of the material or the ability to combine it with another component material to obtain a balance of properties uncommon to either component. 

It is worth noting that the determination of hydrogen in bulk materials has great importance in many areas (NEA 2001), for example, hydrogen in metals and alloys causes structural weakness in the components of heavy-duty systems (aircraft, engines, missiles, pipelines of nuclear and chemical plants). Metal hydrides are applied in various fields of science and technology (electricity, propulsion, battery, food, nuclear fusion, etc.). 

This definition helps us to differentiate fact from fiction in an analytical sense as it illustrates that the SoS term is about more than just complexity and scale. Consider for example an aircraft. Under the SoS definition presented above, an aircraft would be considered as a complex system but it would be wrong to view an aircraft as a SoS. An aircraft is a complex system whose components perform distinct roles, but these components are not independent systems in their own right in a SoS sense an aircraft engine provides propulsion and is something of a hub with regard to onboard power generation, however it is co-located with other system elements on the aircraft platform and the way it interacts with these otiier elements is well defined, predictable and relatively invariable. 

---