Airborne exposure

An exposure of an individual relates directly to the concentration of a hazardous substance as related to the per unit volume of air. We usually express airborne concentrations in terms of mil-hgrams of substance per cubic meter of air (mg/m ) or parts of substance per million parts (ppm) of air. Express asbestos and other airborne fibers by using per cubic centimeter (f/cc) or fibers per 

We can express airborne concentrations in terms of milligrams of substance per cubic meter of air (mg/m ) or parts of substance per million parts of air (ppm). Asbestos and other airborne fibers can be measured using fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) or fibers per cubic meter (f/m ) of air. OSHA requires consideration of feasible administrative or engineering controls to reduce exposure risks. When these controls prove ineffective, organizations must use PPE or other protective measures to protect employees. Ensure the use of any equipment and/or technical measures receive approval from a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z, contains Tables Z-1, Z-2, and Z-3, which cover exposure limits for substances not covered by a specific standard. 

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Maleic Anhydride. The ACGIH threshold limit value in air for maleic anhydride is 0.25 ppm and the OSHA permissible exposure level (PEL) is also 0.25 ppm (181). Maleic anhydride is a corrosive irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Pulmonary edema (collection of fluid in the lungs) can result from airborne exposure. Skin contact should be avoided by the use of mbber gloves. Dust respirators should be used when maleic anhydride dust is present. Maleic anhydride is combustible when exposed to heat or flame and can react vigorously on contact with oxidizers. The material reacts exothermically with water or steam. Violent decompositions of maleic anhydride can be catalyzed at high temperature by strong bases (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, alkaU metals, and amines). Precaution should be taken during the manufacture and use of maleic anhydride to minimize the presence of basic materials. 

OSHA and ACGIH have not estabhshed specific airborne exposure limits for PVB and PVF resias however, some products may contain sufficient fines to be considered nuisance dust and present dust explosion potential if sufficient quantities are dispersed ia air. Unformulated PVB and PVF resias have flash poiats above 370°C. The lower explosive limit (lei) for PVB dust ia air is about 20 g/m. ... 

The TDX values were much lower than the TUDX values, indicating that the protective clothing provides a substantial reduction in the amount of residues reaching the skin of the operator. The same operators who had higher overall exposure had higher actual exposure. The frequent occurrence of nondetectable residues is notable and indicates that some operators were able to keep exposure to levels at or near the limit of detection. The low respiratory exposure (REX) confirms the validity of the assumption that airborne exposure would be a minor route of exposure. (See Table 3.)... 

Popendorf, W.J., Spear, R.C., and Selvin, S. (1975) Collecting foliar pesticides residues related to potential airborne exposure to workers, Environ. Sci. Techno., 9 583-585. 

Mioduszewski, R.J., S.A. Reutter, L.L. Miller, E.J. Olajos, and S. A. Thomson. Evaluation of Airborne Exposure Limits for G-Agents Occupational and General Population Exposure Criteria, Edgewood Arsenal Report No. ERDEC-TR-489. April 1998 with Erratum Sheet dated April 17,2000. 

Interim Recommendations for Airborne Exposure Limits for Chemical Warfare Agents H and HD (Sulfur Mustard)." Federal Register 69, No. 85 (May 3,2004) 24164-24168. 

WPL AEL Worker Population Airborne Exposure Limits developed for the military by the CDC. They are based on a time-weighted average exposure over an 8-h period and 40-h work week. 

Laboratory Description. The laboratory under consideration will conduct diversified chemical surety materiel laboratory operations. These materials are anticholinergic agents and are extremely lethal in small concentrations. The recommended permissible airborne exposure concentration for some of these agents is 0.0001 mg/m3 (2 x 10-5 ppm). Two personnel are required, as a minimum, to perform this operation. 

Airborne Exposure Limits (AEL) The permissible airborne exposure concentration for VX for an 8-hour workday of a 40-hour work week is an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) of 0.00001 mg/m3. This value can be found in DA Pam 40-8, Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Nerve Agents GA, GB, GD, and VX. To date, however, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has not promulgated a permissible exposure concentration for VX. 

Upon completion of the one hour agitation the decon mixture will be adjusted to a pH between 10 and 11. Conduct general area monitoring to confirm that the atmospheric concentrations do not exceed the airborne exposure limits (See Sections II and VIII). 

After sealing the head, the exterior of the drum shall be decontaminated and then labeled IAW EPA and DOT regulations. All leaking containers shall be overpacked with vermiculite placed between the interior and exterior containers. Decontaminate and label IAW EPA and DOT regulations. Dispose of the material IAW waste disposal methods provided below. Dispose of material used to decontaminate exterior of drum IAW Federal, state and local regulations. Conduct general area monitoring with an approved monitor (see Section VIII) to confirm that the atmospheric concentrations do not exceed the airborne exposure limit (see Sections II and VIII). 

AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMIT (REL) The AEL for HD is 0.003 mg/m3 as proposed in the USAEHA Technical Guide No. 173, Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Mustard Agents H, HD and HT. No individual should be intentionally exposed to any direct skin or eye contact. 

Ingredients Formula Percentage by Weight Airborne Exposure Limit... 

AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMITS (AEL) No detailed health hazard data on T is available. The following information is based upon the limited available information and the chemical similarity to Mustard (HD) Agent. Under no circumstances should any individual be intentionally exposed to any direct skin or eye contact. 

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