Aglycones intracellular

Both pathways of absorption give rise to intracellular aglycone, and in fact transient intracellular free aglycone is found in rat small intestine tissue after perfusion in vitro with either quercetin glucosides"- or isoflavone. ... 

Pool-Zobel et al." " studied anthocyanin fractions or concentrates from Aronia melanocarpa Elliot, from elderberry, macqui, and tintorera fmits, as well as pure compounds in human colon tumor cells. H202-induced DNA strand breaks were reduced in cells treated with the complex plant extracts. In contrast, endogenous generation of oxidized DNA bases was not prevented. The intracellular steady state of oxidized DNA bases was not altered by anthocyanins or anthocyanidins. These authors questioned the anticancer potential of anthocyanidins within specific tissues, such as the colon." " However, Katsube et al. showed that not only the aglycones but also the glycosides of... 

In a recent work with healthy volunteers, black raspberry anthocyanins could be detected under their hydrolyzed aglycone form in the oral cavity, resulting from the activity of B-glycosidase derived both from bacteria and oral epithelial cells [40]. In the same study, parent anthocyanins and cyanidin-3-glucoside microbiota metabolite, protocatechuic acid, were detected in the saliva. Furthermore, saliva samples contained glucuronidated anthocyanin conjugates, consistent with intracellular uptake and phase II conversion of anthocyanins [40]. 

Hesperetin can also be used in management of obesity due to its influence in the control of hunger and satiety. In this context, hesperetin analytical standard (0.1 - 1.0 mM) has shown the increase of secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) in STC-1 cells. This phenomenon was caused by higher intracellular calcium concentration due to the TRP (transient receptor potential) and TRP 1 ankirin channels work. The addition of hesperidin analytical standard in the same model caused no effect, indicating that only the aglycone form influences hormone secretion [65]. The increase in CCK would be interesting because this hormone, secreted from endocrine cells in the small intestine, assists in the control of food intake [66]. 

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