Aging-related diseases

In summary, the steadily increasing size of geriatric populations in developed countries and the resultant increases in age-related diseases of the brain have provided the impetus for intensive study of the processes underlying neurodegeneration. A better understanding of these processes will likely lead to better methods of treatment not only for progressive memory disorders such as Alzheimer disease, but also for motor disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke. 

Monnier VM and Sell DR (1994) The advanced Maillard reaction in aging and age-related diseases probed with pentosidine. Spec Publ - R Soc Chem 151, 235-243. 

There is evidence that chlorogenic acid has numerous health-promoting effects and CGA supplements are available in health stores. Dietary CGA is bioavailable in humans (Monteiro et al., 2007), is known to protect animals against degenerative, age-related diseases when added to... 

Practitioner errors sometimes occur because the physician does not appreciate the importance of changes in pharmacokinetics with age and age-related diseases. Some errors occur because the practitioner is unaware of incompatible drugs prescribed by other practitioners for the same patient. For example, cimetidine, an H2-blocking drug... 

Genes that influence or cause age-related diseases (e.g., Alzheimer s disease and apolipoprotein E e4 allele)... 

However, apart from disease states, there is a natural evolution of cytokine production with aging, including decreased T cell proinflammatory IL-2 and interferon-7 (type II pro-inflammatory IFN-7), decreased non-T cell antiinflammatory type I IFN (IFN-a and IFN-/3), and increased non-T cell proinflammatory IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-o) [90], The IL-6 is one of the pathogenic elements of inflammatory and age-related diseases (AD and atherosclerosis) and has been defined as the cytokine for gerontologists [91]. 

Iwasaki K, Gleiser CA, Masoro EJ, McMahan CA, Seo EJ, Yu BP. Influence of the restriction of individual dietary components on longevity and age-related disease of Fischer rats The fat component and the mineral component. J Gerontol 1988 43 B13-B21. 

Higashi T (2006) Trace determination of steroids causing age-related diseases using LC/MS combined with detection-oriented derivatizafion. Chem Pharm Bull 54 1479-1485... 

A series of heterocyclic /V-amidino compounds has been synthesised by Niigata et al., comprising triazoles,592 pyrazoles,593-595 and indazoles.596 All had inhibitory effects on the Maillard reaction, the IC50 values for the triazoles ranging from 6.6 to 30.0 jUM, with low toxicity. The compounds were considered to have potential applications in the treatment of diabetic complications and aging-related diseases, as well as in skin medication, cosmetics, food products, and beverages. 

Although aging and disease are distinctly separate processes, aging predisposes one to numerous diseases/disorders (Table 4). Several of the major age-related diseases will be briefly discussed in the following sections. 

Both clinical and basic studies of oxidative stress are needed to further clarify their role in aging and age-related diseases. Here, it is important to more clearly define the dietary needs of various antioxidants to slow aging and lower disease incidence. Previous research has focused on slowing the rates of adverse reactions future efforts should probably be directed toward decreasing free radical initiation rates. 

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