Aggregation studies

Higgins D A, Reid P J and Barbara P F 1996 Structure and exciton dynamics in J-aggregates studied by polarization-dependent near-field scanning optical microscopy J. Chem. Phys. 100 1174-80... 

J-aggregate studied in the near-field. Chem. Phys. Lett., 381, 368-375. 

In collaboration with Professor Collum and coworkers, 6Li NMR (including 13C-labeled acetylene 37 and 15N-labeled chiral modifier 46 experiments) and Li aggregation studies were implemented to assist in the understanding of some of the factors responsible for the stereoselective nature of this chemistry [35],... 

Inflammation. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the small bowel can lead to disturbances of intestinal motility [146], Potential mechanisms are previous surgery, development of fibrosis and strictures, malabsorption, and cross-talk between inflammatory and enteric nerves [156, 157], Patients with Crohn s disease are often included in aggregate studies of bacterial overgrowth [23, 75, 158], reflecting this link. 

Due to the high interest in metalation reactions with lithium amide or alkyllithiums, an indicator scale of lithium ion pairs in THF has been developed119. Aggregation studies have indicated that organolithium species exist predominantly, if not exclusively, as monomers in the 10-3-10-4 M concentration range. Particular attention has been devoted to the lithium and caesium ion-pair acidities of diphenylamine in THF120 that, at 25 °C, have been found to be 19.05 and 24.20, respectively. 

Sitharaman B, Bolskar RD, Rusakova I, Wilson LJ (2004) Gd C60[C(COOH)2]10 and Gd C60(OH)x Nanoscale aggregation studies of two metallofullerene MRI contrast agents in aqueous solution. Nano Lett. 4 2373-2378. 

Fig. 34 Analysis of the NMR aggregation studies in acetonitrile using the isodesmic (—) and modified isodesmic model (—)...

A common issue in these aggregated studies is howto measure innovation in pharmaceuticals. Three different types of measures have been used (1) the cumulative number of drugs approved with NMEs, (2) newer drugs as a proportion of total physician prescriptions, (3) and the average vintage of drugs. 

This work is also notable in that Cole et al. performed detailed aggregation studies of the heme MPPIX using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies to detect the formation of 71-71 hetero-metalloporphyrin assemblies under assay conditions. By employing UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy, the aggregation of porphyrin and metalloporphyrin systems may be examined. The in vitro assay system used for hemozoin... 

Lorenzo s oil affected blood platelet counts in 39 patients followed for 1 year (2). Blood platelet aggregation studies in those patients were normal and there were no platelet-associated immunoglobulins. It has been suggested that the thrombocytopenia might be due to platelet activation, resulting from an increase in the concentration of erucic acid in the platelet membrane (1). 

Poly[(alkyl)alkoxyphenylsilylene]s, chiral aggregate studies, 3, 627... 

Aviram, M. et al., Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71, 1062-1076, 2000. 

Manning, T. J., Bennett, T., and Milton, D. (2000). Aggregation studies of humic acid using multiangle laser light scattering. Sci. Total Environ. 257,171-176. 

A major constraint on conducting a credible aggregate study to estimate com yields without herbicide use is the lack of a unified database concerning the efficacy of most nonchemical control methods. While it is relatively straightforward to compare the efficacy of individual chemical active ingredients in controlling individual weed species (Table 34.1a covers atrazine efficacies), no such database is available on nonchemical control methods. 

Mehta J, Mehta P Burger C, Pepine CJ. Platelet aggregation studies in coronary artery disease. Past 4. Effect of aspirin. Atherosclerosis 1978 31 169-175. 

The characteristics of the water pool of reverse micelles has been explored by H, 23Na, 13C, 3IP-NMR spectroscopy. Since the initial association process in RMs is not totally understood, and because of the low CMC, aggregation studies from NMR are rather scarce. Direct determination of a CMC in the diethyl hexyl phosphate /water/benzene system (at Wo = 3.5) was possible because the chemical shift of 31P in phosphate groups is very sensitive to hydration effects. The structure and state of water in RMs and particularly at low water content has received considerable attention. The proton chemical shifts have been explored in AOT/water/heptane, methanol, chloroform, isooctane and cyclohexanone. The water behavior in small reverse micelles is close to that of the corresponding bulk ionic solution. Until now, the effect of a solute on micellar structure was not well... 

For the aggregation studies, 10 pi test substance or vehicle (control) are added to 480 pi citrated blood. Samples in closed tubes are pre-incubated for 5 min in a 37 °C water shaker bath at 75 strokes/min. Ten pi... 

Denaturation and aggregation studies. The methods used have been described elsewhere (1 ). 

Another more intriguing role for PDI in the tetramer is that of a molecular support, preventing the a subunit from forming enzymatically inactive aggregates. Studies on the purified enzyme have shown that the a subunit is insoluble when dissociated from the /3 subunit (Tuderman et al., 1975). This insolubility prevents the renaturation of the active enzyme from the isolated subunits. Thus, in the cell PDl may bind to nascent a-subunit chains, thus preventing their aggregation and allowing them to fold to form the catalytically active subunit. 

Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions have been suggested as mediators of cell adhesion and aggregation. Studies of four different interactions— sponge cell aggregation, embryo and myelin compaction, and melanoma cell adhesion— have provided insights into the role of the saccharides in these events. The biological context of these associations as well as the results of experiments using biophysical and chemical model systems are described. 

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