Aggregates in colloids

M. Lattuada, Aggregation kinetics and structure of gels and aggregates in colloidal systems (Diss. 

A.L.G. Rees, Directed aggregation in colloidal systems and the formation of protein fibtas. J. Phys. Colloid Chem. 55(8), 1340-1344 (1951). doi 10.1021/jl50491a008... 

Kovalchuk N, Starov V (2011) Aggregation in colloidal suspensions effect of colloidal forces and hydrodynamic interactions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. doi 10.1016/J. cis.2011.05.009... 

Aggregation in colloidal systems can be introduced by various mechanism. Attractive interactions between the colloids is the most prominent example. Another possibility is to confine the colloids in one phase of a phase separating mixture, e.g., in the isotropic phase of a liquid crystalline fluid that is undergoing the isotropic-to-nematic transition [52, 53]. This unusual soft solid consists of a foam hke structure, where the bubbles are filled with liquid crystal in the nematic phase and the colloids are confined in the walls separating the bubbles [54]. 

Chen S-FI, Fluang J S and Tartaglia P (eds) 1992 Structure and Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Colloids and Supramolecular Aggregates in Solution (Dordrecht Kluwer) pp 229-429... 

In tills section we focus on tlie tlieory of stability of charged colloids. In section C2.6.5.1 it is shown how particles can be made to aggregate by adding sufficient electrolyte. The associated aggregation kinetics are discussed in section C2.6.5.2, and tlie stmcture of tlie aggregates in section C2.6.5.3. For more details, see tlie recent reviews [53, 54 and 55], or tlie colloid science textbooks [33, 39]. 

Poon W C K and Haw M D 1997 Mesoscopic structure formation in colloidal aggregation and gelation Adv. Colloid Interface Sc/. 73 71-126... 

Behrens S H, Borkovec M and Schurtenberger P 1998 Aggregation in charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions revisited Langmuir 1951-4... 

As Morawetz puts the matter, an acceptance of the validity of the laws governing colligative properties (i.e., properties such as osmotic pressure) for polymer solutions had no bearing on the question whether the osmotically active particle is a molecule or a molecular aggregate . The colloid chemists, as we have seen, in regard to polymer solutions came to favour the second alternative, and hence created the standoff with the proponents of macromolecular status outlined above. 

The different growth modes discussed above have been exemplified also from structural studies. Froment and Lincot [247] used structural characterization methods, such as TEM and HRTEM, to determine the formation mechanisms and habits of chemically deposited CdS, ZnS, and CdSe thin film at the atomic level. These authors formulated reaction schemes for the different deposition mechanisms and considered that these should be distinguished to (a) atom-by-atom process, providing autoregulation in normal systems (b) aggregation of colloids (precipitation) ... 

A colloid is defined as a system consisting of discrete particles in the size range of 1 nm to 1 pm, distributed within a continuous phase [153], On the basis of the interaction of particles, molecules, or ions of the disperse phase with molecules of the dispersion medium-, colloidal systems can be classified as being lyophilic or lyophobic. In lyophilic systems, the disperse phase molecules are dissolved within the continuous phase and in the colloidal size range or spontaneously form aggregates in the colloidal size range (association systems). In lyophobic systems, the disperse phase is very poorly soluble or insoluble in the continuous phase. During the last several decades, the use of colloids in... 

Richter D (1992) In Chen SH et al. (eds) Structure and dynamics of strongly interacting colloids and supramolecular aggregates in solutions. Kluwer, Amsterdam, 111... 

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