Aggregated protein structures, channels

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Channel-forming proteins exhibit a number of structural motifs the influenza virus M2 proton channel and voltage-gated channels for K+, Na+ and Ca2+are all composed of four identical subunits that aggregate to form a central pore as shown in Fig. 5.7 an acid sensing Na+ ion channel has a similar structure but with threefold symmetry Ca2+ release channels, the divalent metal ion transporter CorA, the... 

Hong et al. discussed recent advances in using SSNMR to study K and H" " channels, Ca + pumps, G protein-coupled receptors, bacterial outer membrane proteins, and viral fusion proteins to elucidate their mechanisms of action at the membrane. Shi and Ladizhansky underlined that SSNMR has become a prominent method for the characterization of insoluble proteins and protein aggregates such as amyloid fibrils and membrane-lipid complexes. Im et al. developed SSNMR ensemble dynamics (SSNMR-ED) using multiple conformer models, which generates an ensemble of structures that satisfies the experimental observables without any fitting parameters. 

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