Agglomeration product properties

Crystal morphology (i.e., both form and shape) affects crystal appearance solid-liquid separations such as filtration and centrifugation product-handling characteristics such as dust formation, agglomeration, breakage, and washing and product properties such as bulk density, dissolution kinetics, catalytic activity, dispersability, and caking. 

The macroscopic properties of liquid suspensions of fumed powders of silica, alumina etc. are not only affected by the size and structure of primary particles and aggregates, which are determined by the particle synthesis, but as well by the size and structure of agglomerates or mesoscopic clusters, which are determined by the particle-particle interactions, hence by a variety of product- and process-specific factors like the suspending medium, solutes, the solid concentration, or the employed mechanical stress. However, it is still unclear how these secondary and tertiary particle structures can be adequately characterized, and we are a long way from calculating product properties from them [1,2]. 

In summary, the major advantage of this new system is the stability of the latex product properties, and the reduction of the danger of catastrophic agglomeration. Soap levels can readily be set to give stable latex particles and yet generate any required particle concentration. The new system is also more flexible in its ability to be controlled to produce a desired latex product. It should also prove to be less expensive and more flexible than the alternative of seeding the reactors with seed particles generated apriori in batch reactors. 

For those reasons, strength" means many different things in industry. Typically, measurement of strength is based on a simulation of the stresses which a particular agglomerated product must withstand. Very few industrial methods for the determination of this property are standardized or even known. In a competitive environment it is of less interest to compare quality between rivals than to make sure internally that the product properties that are expected by the industrial or public consumer are maintained. Therefore, most measurements of strength are undertaken as quality assurance. A few will be described below as examples. 

Batch sintering in stationary furnaces of different kinds is used primarily for the posttreatment of agglomerated products to gain final strength and properties but also for laboratory work in connection with the development of continuous sintering technologies and for pilot plants [B.12c, B.16, B.25]. 

Most deviations from the anticipated system efficiencies, design expectations, and product properties of size enlargement by tumble/growth agglomeration are rooted in the mechanisms of bonding and aggregate structure. Reference should be made to Fig. 3.6 (Chapter 3) and Figs. 5.1 and 5.3-5.8 (Chapter 5). 

For high filled products the main criteria for quality is the distribution of the solids in the binder. Only when agglomerates are broken up and the solids are wetted evenly with the binder the desired product properties such as mechanical strength or morphology can be achieved. 

The preparation of nanomaterials can be classified into three main approaches according to the states of the reactants nsed Uqnid-phase, solid-phase, and gas-phase method [14,15]. One of the most popular methods in both laboratory and indnstry at present is the Uqnid-phase method. In the preparation of nanoparticles by the Uqnid-phase method, drying is an indispensable unit operation. Nanoparticles tend to agglomerate and properties of nanoparticles are adversely affected if we do not choose appropriate drying methods. So to assnre that nanoparticles are weU dispersed during drying is a vital requirement in the preparation of snch products. 

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