African pepper

Synonym African Pepper, Bird Pepper, Guinea Pepper and Chillies. 

Woguem, V Fogang, H. P., Maggi, F., Tapondjou, L. A., Women , H. M Quassinti, L. et al. (2014). Volatile oil from striped African pepper (Xylopiaparvifolium, Annonaceae) possesses notable cbemoprotective, anti-in ammatory and antimicrobial potential. FoodClwm. 149,183-189. 

Many human populations have only encountered some mixtures of NPs relatively recently— the first Europeans to encounter chilli peppers, many beans, pineapples, bananas, tobacco and so forth did so only a few hundred years ago. The solanine alkaloids (and other NPs) in potato or tomato were unknown to Asians, Africans and Europeans until very recently, yet these populations seemed untroubled by these novel chemicals. Tomato fruits were initially considered to be poisonous when introduced to Europe and it was only in the nineteenth century that they became widely adopted as a food plant. 

Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), Rauwolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot), R. tetraphyllo (pinque-pinque, four-leaf devil pepper), R. vomitoria (African snakeroot), Vinca minor (periwinkle) (Apocynaceae)... 

Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn West African black pepper, Ashanti pepper Piperaceae Neuromuscular activity, contraceptive, antiparasitic, aphrodisiac Abdominal disorders, chest complaints, used as an enema. Bronchitis, Headache, An1helmintic,Caries, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, antibiotic. Alkaloidal amide, 12, 16, 17... 

The "heat" of a food product may be adjusted by adding capsicum oleoresin. This oleoresin (oil) is derived [41] from various fruits such as cayenne pepper. Capsicum is the dried ripe fruit of Capsicum frutescens L., Capsicum Solanaceae (known in commerce as African chillies), or Capsicum annuum L. (known in commerce as tabasco pepper) or of other hybrid species of peppers. The oleoresin makes up approximately 0.1-1.0 % of the weight of the dried fruit. Considering the previous suggestion that 10 ppm can be detected by tasting, the term "hot peppers" (which could contain as much as 10,000 ppm) is meaningful to those who may not have acquired a taste for such food products. 

P. guineense (fruit)(Ashanti pepper. West African black pepper) 42,84,89 86... 

Abila, B., el al "Anticonvulsant effects of extracts of the West African black pepper. Piper guineense," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1993,39, pp. 113-117,... 

Materials. Oleoresin of Capsicum, African type, was purchased In several lots from Kalsec, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI. This material is a viscous deep orange-red liquld/semlsolid residue obtained by hexane extraction of ground, dried ripe . frutescens peppers. Commercially, it is primarily used as a natural source of "hotness" and flavor for foods and for animal repellent formulations. This material was used in the initial analytical studies. 

Among the material used for the spice, other than C. annuum described above [5], which contains 0.2-0.3% of capsaicin, the so-called African chil-ies (African red pepper), which possess a more potent hot taste, are also known. It is indicated that the capsaicin content of the material of African chilies Capsicum frutescens) may reach 0.6-0.9%. 

---