Africa Including Madagascar

Bonabilines (T6-A). Besides rather common tropanes (T2, T4) two unique congeners, bonabiline A and B, were discovered in the roots of Bonamia spectabilis, a climbing shrub of tropical Africa including Madagascar (Ott et al. 2006). The acyl residues of the bonabilines are provided by monoterpenoic acids (Fig. 3.22), a novel combination of ester alkaloids of any type. The free acids, bonabilic acid and its... 

Carbonatite ores are mainly composed of calcite, dolomite and phosphates as the main gangue minerals. The beneficiation process for pegmatites containing pyrochlore mostly includes gravity preconcentration. Such deposits are common in Africa (Kongo, Madagascar). 

The Stockholm treaty completely banned the production and use of some TOCs (such as endrin and toxaphene), while permitting the use of other TOCs for specific purposes (such as aldrin as an insecticide and dieldrin in certain agricultural operations). In addition, a number of nations requested exceptions that would allow them to use otherwise-banned compounds in public health programs. By 2003, more than 20 nations had taken advantage of that exception and were using certain pesticides, usually DDT, to spray for the anopheles mosquito. Those 20 nations included Ethiopia, Eritrea, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, and Zambia. 

The common mynah has been introduced to various places in the tropics beyond its natural range, including islands in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. This species now occurs in Madagascar, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, Saint Helena, Mauritius, Fiji, Tahiti, the Marquesas, Singapore,... 

The genus Caesalpinia sensu stricto (as currently circumscribed, e.g. in Lewis et al., 2005) aptly demonstrates the Succulent biome distribution pattern (Eiguie 12.3, Table 12.3) with 12 species in the seasonally dry forests of the Caribbean, three in Mexican and Central American SDTF, two in South American SDTF (including C. cassioides Willd. in the SDTF of Colombia, southern Ecuador and northern Peru), four in north-east African and Arabian bushland and thicket, five in southern African succulent-rich bushland and thicket, one endemic to the dry forests of Madagascar, and one (for which precise habitat data are not known) only found in South-Central Africa. 

The species lists, based on the above criteria, also take into consideration national and institutional priorities. In many cases, the partners have suggested specific areas of importance to focus on, for example. Mount Mulanje and the Nyika Plateau in Malawi, or the Wolkberg and Cape areas of high endemism in South Africa. Some partners have an interest in certain families, and request additional information concerning these this has resulted in the compilation of lists of endemic and nearendemic species of Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Orchidaceae for both Kenya and Tanzania, and endemic families in Madagascar. In countries with lower levels of endemism, more general lists are produced based on species distribution and threat levels for habitats and species. Once a provisional list has been compiled, each species is checked to ensure that the correct current nomenclature has been used, and that all possible synonyms have been included. They are then compared with the Seed Bank Database (SBD), which holds information on all collections stored in the MSBP, to avoid duplication. 

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