Aflatoxin cleanup

High-performance LC is by far the most studied technique, and it is used whenever possible for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone, especially in view of the improved rapidity attributable to the use of immunoaffinity in the cleanup step. 

Basically the cleanup step consists of one of the two approaches already described in the aflatoxin section (a) the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns, or (b) the use of immunoaffinity (IA) columns. 

TJ Wilson, TR Romer. Use of the Mycosep multifunctional cleanup column for liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in agricultural products. J Ass Off Anal Chem 74 951-956, 1991. 

DRAGACCI s and FREMY J M (1996), Application of immunoaffinity column cleanup to aflatoxin Ml , J Food Protect, 59, 1011-1013. 

Mortimer, D. N. Gilbert, J. Shepherd, M. J. Rapid and highly sensitive analysis of aflatoxin Ml in liquid and powdered milks using an affinity column cleanup. J. of Chromat., 407 393-8. 1987. 

The usefulness of immunochemical techniques for the fluorimetric determination of mycotoxins has been widely demonstrated. In addition to the use of immunoaffinity column cleanup followed by LC with fluorescent detection, several FIAs have been described for the determination of aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins using fluorescence polarization immunoassay or time-resolved fluor-oimmunoassay. Also, although the application of flu-oroimmunosensors to food analysis has been relatively limited, there are some examples of the use of this approach to the determination of some mycotoxins such as aflatoxin Bi and fumonisin B2. 

Aflatoxins B and G in peanut butter, pistachios, fig paste, and paprika Methanol 80% and defatting with pure hexane Immunoaffinity cleanup prior to LC coupled to fluorescence detector and postcolumn derivatization by using iodination or bromination 0.2 ng per kg of aflatoxin B1 0.4 pg per kg for sum of aflatoxins B and G 85-100... 

AOAC 2000.02, determination of patulin in clear and cloudy apple juices and apple puree using HPLC AOAC 2000.03, determination of ochratoxin in barley using HPLC and immunoaffinity cleanup AOAC 2000.08, aflatoxin Ml in liquid milk using immunoaffinity column cleanup and HPLC AOAC 2000.09, determination of ochratoxin in a roasted coffee using HPLC AOAC 2000.16, aflatoxin Bl in baby food using an immunoaffinity column and HPLC AOAC 2001.01, determination of ochratoxin A in wine using immunoaffinity column cleanup and HPLC... 

AOAC 2003.02, determination of aflatoxins in animal feed using immunoaffinity column cleanup and HPLC with postcolumn derivatization... 

Immunoaffinity (lA) methods are based on the principle of molecular recognition via very selective antigen-antibody interactions. Their use for sample preparation prior to TLC has been mostly for determination of toxins. The following are selected examples the steroid animal drug trenbolone and its metabolite in bovine urine " fumonisin B1 in corn with methanol-water (80 20) extraction followed by lA column cleanup " aflatoxins Bl, B2, Gl, and G2 in foods regulated within... 

Stroka, J. van Otterdijk, R. Anklam, E. Immimoaffimty column cleanup prior to thin layer chromatography for the determination of aflatoxins in various food matrices. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 904 (2), 251-256. 

Stroka, J., von Host, C., Anklam E., and Reutter, M. 2003. Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography using post-column bromination for determination of aflatoxin Bl in cattle feed Collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 86 1179-1186. 

Lattanzio, V. T., Solfrizzo, M., Powers, S., and Visconti, A. 2007. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins in maize by liquid chromatogra-phy/tandemmass spectrometry after multitoxin immunoaffinity cleanup. Rap. Commun. Mass Spec. 21 3253—3261. 

Dragacci, S., Grosso, R, and Gilbert, J. 2001. Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxin Ml in liquid milk Collaborative study. J. AOACInt. 84, 2 437 43. 

Ip, S. P. and Che, C. T. 2006. Determination of aflatoxins in Chinese medicinal herbs by high-performance liquid chromatography using immunoaffinity column cleanup Improvement of recovery. / Chromatogr.A 1135 241-244. 

Our contribution in analytical methods include column cleanup procedures and separation of different fractions , methods for af la toxin in milk, and an ultrasensitive mass spectral method capable of quantitative analysis at the nanogram level of a mixture of aflatoxins (without the need for separation) with proof of identity ... 

Sulyok et al. [113] reported the first validated method for the determination of 39 mycotoxins in wheat and maize by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-triple quadmpole mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) without the need for any cleanup. The 39 analytes included A and B trichothecenes (including deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside), ZEN and related derivatives, fumonisins, enniatins, ergot alkaloids, ochratoxins, aflatoxins, and moniliformin, and six trichothecene mycotoxins (NIV, DON, fusarenon-X, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin). 

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