Affinity 26 bleeding

Antibody concentrations and affinities vary considerably. The optimal dilution for a given primary antibody must be determined empirically (although most companies will give an indicative range of dilutions). In general, early bleed serum or tissue culture supernatant are used at 1 100-1 1,000 dilution, and ascites fluid or serum from hyperimmunized animals at 1 1,000-1 100,000 dilution. Secondary antibodies are used at dilutions ranging from 1 2,000 to 1 10,000... 

Animals produce several donotypes (polyclonal, Fig. 2) of antibodies upon immunization with a given antigen such that the recovered serum contains antibodies against different determinants having variable specificities whose affinity and yield varies from bleed to bleed thus, making it very difficult to... 

Yellow Dyestuff. The yellow-producing dyestuff is suspected to be an acid dye, primarily because its behavior responses to the A.A.T.C.C. tests parallel those typical of this class of dyes, as outlined by Corbman (17). The poor washfastness, tendency to bleed easily, and fair perspiration fastness exhibited by this yellow component are distinctly like those of the acid dyes. The historic textile, moreover, demonstrates the acid dye s typically excellent resistance to crocking. This yellow color was transferred to wool, silk, and nylon—all of which have an affinity for acid dyes. 

Type 2 von Willebrand disease, diagnosed in 9% to 30% of affected patients, is characterized by a qualitative abnormality of von Willebrand factor. Bleeding manifestations may be more severe than with type 1 disease. Inheritance is most often autosomal dominant, but may be recessive. Type 2 von Willebrand disease may be further subdivided into four variants. Type 2A is the most frequent subtype and is characterized by a reduced von Willebrand factor-platelet interaction and an absence of high- and intermediate-molecular-weight factor multimers. Type 2B is a less common variant in which there is an abnormal von Willebrand factor that has an increased affinity for the platelet glycoprotein Ib receptor. This is associated with thrombocytopenia, which is usually mild. In addition, there are usually no high-molecular-weight forms of von Willebrand factor. Type 2M... 

Metallization of PVC is not in common use but there are useful examples in the patent literature given below. It is possible that PVC is less used for metallization because the HCl evolved affects the quaUty of the metallized layer (adhesion and reflective functions). Adhesion also suffers from the low affinity of PVC and metal surfaces and from plasticizer bleeding to the surface. 

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