Aerial applications mixer-loaders

Applicator Mixer/loader Commercial aerial Applicator Mixer/loader Commercial ground Mixer/loader + applicator Applicator Mixer/loader Growers... 

Workers associated with the application of carbaryl (applicator, mixer-loader, bystander and aerial flagger) and re-entry workers (apple thinners) were monitored by a modification of the procedure of Durham and Wolfe (3). The workers were fitted with a disposable jacket (Safety and Supply Co., Seattle, WA) to which 10 x 10 cm pads were attached with masking tape. One pad was attached as close to the neck as possible on each shoulder and on the chest and the back of each subject. One pad was also placed on each forearm midway between the elbow and wrist. The pads were constructed by backing an 8 ply gauze compress with two pieces of heavy filter paper and attaching these together in the center with a staple. 

D. The participants included 26 ground applicators in North Dakota after a single exposure and 17 aerial applicators in Washington during intermittent exposure. The objective was to ascertain worker exposure base-levels of 2,4-D under normal use conditions. Mean daily urinary excretion of 2,4-D by workers involved in aerial applications was 0.006 mg/kg body weight for pilots and 0.02 mg/kg for mixer/loaders from intermittent exposure. Workers involved in ground applications had maximum mean one-day 2,4-D urinary excretion of 0.002, 0.003, and 0.004 mg/kg, respectively, for applicators, mixer/loaders, and mixer/loader/applicators from a one-time exposure. The Ej/2 (half-elimination time for total... 

Commercial aerial applicator Commercial aerial mixer/loader All commercial aerial Commercial ground applicator Commercial ground mixer/loader All commercial ground 7 Mixer/Loader applicator 7 Applicator Mixer/Loader... 

The workers monitored were the mixer-loader (M) applicator (A) aerial flagger (F), bystander (B) i.e. a field worker near (within 100 feet) the tractor during applications and re-entry thinners (T). 

Mixer-loaders. The mixer-loader operation was not inherently different for ground, aerial, or handgun applications. Several factors affected the hourly dermal exposure (HDE) to these workers (Table II). These included (1) the formulation used, (2) whether or not the worker wore gloves, and (3) the method of removing the powdered insecticide from its container prior to mixing. 

The aerial applicators also had considerably less exposure than the mixer-loaders. Again, most of this exposure was to the hands and was acquired from adjusting nozzles on the spray equipment. For the 80S and the XLR formulations, the total HDE s were 7.4 and 3.4 mg/h, respectively, and almost 100% of the exposure was to the hands in both cases. Here, as for the ground application, the highest HDE was obtained from Sevimol-4 because of the more frequent plugging of the spray nozzels. Thus the total HDE for Sevimol-4 was 26.5 mg/h, and the HDE on the hands was 25.7 mg/h. 

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