Adverse drug reactions aminoglycosides

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions Aminoglycosides... 

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions A variety of adverse reactions can be seen with the administration of the fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. The nurse observes die patient, especially during the first 48 hours of tiierapy. It is important to report the occurrence of any adverse reaction to the primary health care provider before die next dose of the drug is duei If a serious adverse reaction such as a hypersensitivity reaction, respiratory difficulty, severe diarrhea, or a decided drop in blood pressure occurs, the nurse contacts die primary health care provider immediately. 

Discuss the uses, general drug action, contraindications, precautions, interactions, and adverse reactions of the fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. 

Additional adverse reactions seen with administration of the aminoglycosides may include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, rash, and urticaria When these drugs are given, individual drug references, such as the package insert, should be consulted for more specific adverse reactions. 

The primary adverse effect of intravenous cidofovir is a dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Concurrent administration of other potentially nephrotoxic agents (eg, amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pentamidine, foscarnet) should be avoided. Prior administration of foscarnet may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Other potential side effects include uveitis, decreased intraocular pressure, and probenecid-related hypersensitivity reactions. Neutropenia and metabolic acidosis are rare. The drug caused mammary adenocarcinomas in rats and is embryotoxic. 

Patients treated for intraabdominal infections should be assessed for the occurrence of drug-related adverse effects, particularly hypersensitivity reactions (/ -lactam antimicrobials), diarrhea (most agents), fungal infections (most agents), and nephrotoxicity (aminoglycosides). 

Nervous system The adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs on the nervous system have been reviewed [1 ]. Isoniazid is most often associated with nervous system reactions, most prominently peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, and seizures. Optic neuropathy can occur with ethambutol and ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade with aminoglycosides. Cycloserine can cause psychosis and seizures, and the psychosis in particular limits its use. Fluoroquinolones are rare causes of seizures and delirium. Significant neurotoxicity has not been documented with newer forms of therapy under development. 

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