Aminoglycosides drug reaction

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions A variety of adverse reactions can be seen with the administration of the fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. The nurse observes die patient, especially during the first 48 hours of tiierapy. It is important to report the occurrence of any adverse reaction to the primary health care provider before die next dose of the drug is duei If a serious adverse reaction such as a hypersensitivity reaction, respiratory difficulty, severe diarrhea, or a decided drop in blood pressure occurs, the nurse contacts die primary health care provider immediately. 

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions Aminoglycosides... 

Q Disturbed Sen >ry Perception Auditory related to adveise drug reactions ot the aminoglycoside... 

Discuss the uses, general drug action, contraindications, precautions, interactions, and adverse reactions of the fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. 

Additional adverse reactions seen with administration of the aminoglycosides may include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, rash, and urticaria When these drugs are given, individual drug references, such as the package insert, should be consulted for more specific adverse reactions. 

Like the other anti-infectives, bacterial or fungal superinfections and pseudomembranous colitis (see Chap. 7) may occur with the use of these drags. The administration of the aminoglycosides may result in a hypersensitivity reaction, which can range from mild to severe and in some cases can be life threatening. Mild hypersensitivity reactions may only require discontinuing the drug, whereas the more serious reactions require immediate treatment. 

A plethora of other effects on cell constituents from proteins to lipids to DNA is also documented in the early literature without, however, establishing any link between these reactions and the toxic consequences. Such an inability to deduce a toxic mechanism is not necessarily surprising. After all, aminoglycosides are highly aggressive drugs that kill cells and tissues, and a cell in the process of destruction will show a multitude of deranged biochemical and molecular pathways. 

The primary adverse effect of intravenous cidofovir is a dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Concurrent administration of other potentially nephrotoxic agents (eg, amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pentamidine, foscarnet) should be avoided. Prior administration of foscarnet may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Other potential side effects include uveitis, decreased intraocular pressure, and probenecid-related hypersensitivity reactions. Neutropenia and metabolic acidosis are rare. The drug caused mammary adenocarcinomas in rats and is embryotoxic. 

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