P-lactam antimicrobials

P-lactam antimicrobials, gatifloxacin, indinavir, isoniazid, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, ribavirin, rifabutin, rifampin, silver sulfadiazine, streptomycin, sulfonamide antimicrobials, and tetracyclines... 

Amphotericin B products, P-lactam antimicrobials, isoniazid, linezolid, rifampin, sulfonamide antimicrobials, and... 

P-lactam antimicrobial Wide-spectrum antimicrobial p-lactam antimicrobial Macrocyclic antibiotic Antimicrobial... 

The preparation of isothiazolidin-3-one 5-oxide and 5,5-dioxide derivatives of azetidin-3-ones was described (99EUP100069), starting from penicillanic acid sulfoxide amides in the presence of halogenating agents in anhydrous inert solvents or even without them. Through rearrangement and oxidation with conventional methods, compounds 73 could be obtained. For some derivatives the usefulness, as intermediates for the preparation of novel p-lactam analogs or active substances in formulations for antimicrobial therapy, is claimed. 

Benzocaine, P-lactams, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, phenazopy-ridine, rasburicase, and sulfonamide antimicrobials... 

P-Lactam allergy Refers to patients who experience allergic reactions to the P-lactam class of antimicrobials. 

Gene encoding for the New Delhi metaUo-p-lactamase-1 confers resistance to almost all p-lactams British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Ciprofloxacin... 

Like the penicillins, cephalosporins contain a P-lactam ring that is necessary for antimicrobial activity. However, a six-member dihydrothiazine ring replaces the five-member thiazoUdine ring characteristic of the penicillins. 

With sales of over 2 billion, therapeutic antimicrobials are one of the largest pharmaceutical market sectors. The chart in Figure 6 shows that the natural product classes, tetracyclines, P-lactams, and macrolides account for over 60% of the sales. The more recently introduced quinolones are capturing a substantial market share with enrofloxacin already commanding a place in the top 10 products. 

Mandell, G. L. Petri, W. A. Antimicrobial Agents Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Other P-Lactam Antibiotics. In Goodman and Gilman s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Hardman, J. C., Limbird, L. E., Eds. McGraw-Hill New York, 1996. 

The central p-lactam nucleus is involved in the molecular events leading to renal toxicity. Among other factors reactivity of the central p-lactam core contributes to the antimicrobial potency of these compounds. In the bacterial cell wall p-lactams form covalent complexes with membrane bound proteins (acylahon), thus blocking cell wall formation and bacterial proliferation. The ability of a variety of penicillins and cephalosporins to acylate bacterial cell wall proteins was ranked as following ceftazidime > cefaclor... 

Because of the comparability of organoselenium compounds and organosulfur compounds, many organoselenium compounds were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was studied [238]. Early studies were centered at the skeletal modification of the naturally occurring p-lactam antibiotics. The optically active 127 has been synthesized and has antibacterial activity [239]. 

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