Advantage over normal

A modified type of natural mbber which has many processing advantages over normal sheet and crepe rubbers. It shows reduced shrinkage, reduced die swell and much better retention of dimensions especially in complicated extrusions. It is made by adding a quantity of vulcanised latex to normal latex before coagulating. See PA 80. 

Corma and Renz6 developed an effective heterogeneous catalyst system. Incorporation of tin into a beta zeolite network (Sn-Beta) gave a catalyst that was used to convert citronellal 5 to racemic isopulegol (6, Equation (3)) with 85% diastereoselectivity. It was calculated that each metal site performed 11,500 reaction cycles. No leaching of the tin was detected. This catalyst system is advantageous over normal Lewis acids, since precautions against humidity are not required, and it is suitable for use in a fixed bed continuous reactor. 

Extending the aforementioned methodology from imidazole to adenine, the Tsuji-Trost reaction between the sodium salt of adenine and allylic acetate 66 gave 67 as a 82 18 mixture of cis trans isomers. Carbocyclic nucleoside 67 was advantageous over normal nucleosides as a drug candidate because it was not susceptible to degradation in vivo by nucleosidases and phosphorylases [52],... 

Despite these possible drawbacks, differential pulse voltammetry is one of today s most popular electroanalytical tools. Its principal advantages over normal pulse voltammetry are twofold (i) many analytes can be sampled with a single voltammogram since the analytical peaks for each analyte are quite well resolved, and (ii) by working with a differential current, and hence obtaining a voltammetric peak, the analytical sensitivity can be improved to about 5 x 10 to mol dm. This sensitivity is clearly superior to normal pulse voltammetry. 

The ability of [18]crown-6 derivatives to complex primary alkylammonium ions has been elegantly exploited in the protection of primary amines (80CC300). In the presence of primary amines, secondary amines can be acylated selectively by adding [18]crown-6 and a proton source. This strategy has obvious advantages over normal amine protecting groups which require a deprotection step. 

Biotransformations have a number of advantages over normal chemical reactions. They are very specific. They allow conversion of otherwise unreactive groups in a molecule and they can be carried out under mild conditions in an aqueous solution. The main disadvantage is that it is often difficult and expensive to isolate (harvest) the products from the reaction mixture. Therefore, biotransformations are applied when high... 

Leukemic cells have growth and/or survival advantages over normal cells, leading to a crowding out phenomenon in the bone marrow. This growth advantage is not caused by more rapid proliferation as compared with normal cells. Some studies suggest that it is caused by factors produced by leukemic cells that either inhibit normal cellular proliferation and differentiation, or reduce apoptosis as compared with normal blood cells. 

Both DAG and phorbol esters promote the activity of protein kinase C, which promotes cell growth and division. Phorbol esters provide initiated cells with a sustained growth advantage over normal cells. This condition is an early stage in carcinogenesis. 

The incorporation of sulfur in asphalt emulsions also shows great potential. Although further improvements in the insulating value of asphalt might be expected by adding sulfur, such binders have other advantages over normal asphalt. In 1972 Pronk (9) produced sulfur asphalt emulsion mixes in the laboratory. More recently, Societe Nationale des Petroles d Aquitaine (SNPA) (10) reported the results of an extensive laboratory and field study using sulfur in an asphalt emulsion. Both Pronk and SNPA have shown that temperature-viscosity relationships are improved, as are Marshall stability and flow values. 

Aromatic bases such as the toluidines, xylidines, chloroanilines, 1-naphthyl-amine, benzidine, and tertiary amines can be simply converted into their sulfonic acids by heating ( baking ) with ammonium hydrogen sulfate. This method has the advantage over normal sulfonation by sulfuric acid that exactly theoretical amounts can be used so that no higher sulfonation product is obtained. Further, isomers are rarely obtained, since the sulfo group almost always enters exclusively at the /rara-position or, if that is occupied, at the or/Ao-position, and never at the meta-position. 

This guide aims to provide a structured approach to the use of IDMS to achieve high accuracy analytical measurements in both organic and inorganic IDMS. The approach outlined in Sections 4 and 5 has the advantage over normal IDMS of ... 

Condense-spinning has the following advantages over normal dry-spinning ... 

Tumours represent a group of genetic diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation. The tumour cells typically are round or star-shaped and they are larger than normal cells. They have a different nucleus-cytoplasm ratio. The nucleus often contains not diploid, but polyploid or aneuploid sets of chromosomes. The differentiated cells are kept within certain tissues and do not intrude into the adjacent areas . They have a number of advantages over normal cells because of several characteristic features ... 

Shear modulation has an advantage over normal modulation, in that, for small modulation amplitudes, the contact area remains constant. For elastic materials, the... 

In each case the solvent can be chosen to be gaseous under ambient conditions. If this is done, nearly all the solvent will automatically be expelled from the product when the latter comes to ambient pressure. This is a distinct advantage over normal liquid extraction processes, much of the energy requirement for which can lie in the separation of the product from the solvent (a specific example of this is given in section 5.6). This is particularly true where the product is to be used for human consumption since residual solvent levels then have to meet the stringent food standards described in section 2.2. 

The technique finds advantages over normal DSC in calculation of the heat capacity and in determination of the glass transition point. 

This type of gating can be used as an alternative to side gating, especially in multi-impression moulds, to produce articles of a flat or shallow nature. It has certain advantages over normal side gates in that the design minimises the jetting of material into the mould cavity which leads to weld lines and flow marks. It also creates turbulence which is an aid to dispersion when moulding dry-coloured material. 

---