Advancement of science

Layers, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, 1954, p. 161. 

Figure Cl.5.2. Fluorescence excitation spectra (cps = counts per second) of pentacene in /i-teriDhenyl at 1.5 K. (A) Broad scan of the inhomogeneously broadened electronic origin. The spikes are repeatable features each due to a different single molecule. The laser detuning is relative to the line centre at 592.321 nm. (B) Expansion of a 2 GHz region of this scan showing several single molecules. (C) Low-power scan of a single molecule at 592.407 nm showing the lifetime-limited width of 7.8 MHz and a Lorentzian fit. Reprinted with pennission from Moemer [198]. Copyright 1994 American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Figure C 1.5.7. Surface-eiilianced Raman spectra of a single rhodamine 6G particle on silver recorded at 1 s intervals. Over 300 spectra were recorded from this particle before tlie signals disappeared. The nine spectra displayed here were chosen to highlight several as yet unexplained sudden changes in botli frequency and intensity. Reprinted witli pennission from Nie and Emory [ ]. Copyright 1997 American Association for tlie Advancement of Science.

E. J. Largent, "MetaboHsm of Inorganic Fluoride" ia Fluoridation as a Public Health Measure, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washiagton, D.C., 1954, pp. 49—78. 

To R. A. Wilsak and M. E. Carrera (Amoco Chemical Co.) and O. C. Okoroafor (Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Arts). 

William Eykamp, Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University Formerly President, Koch Membrane Systems Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, North American Membrane Society, European Society of Membrane Science and Technology (Section 22, Alternative Separation Processes)... 

Shelby A. Miller/ Ph.D./ Retired Sr Eng., Argonne National Laboratoiies Member, Amencan Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Amencan Chemical Society (ACS), American In stitute of Chemical Engineenng (AlChE), Amencan Institute of Chemists, Filtration Society, New York Academy of Sciences Registered Professional Engineer, New York. (Leaching)... 

Robert Lemlich/ Ph.D./ P.E./ Profe.s.sor of Chemical Engineering Emeritus, University of Cincinnati Fellow, American In stitute of Chemical Engineers Member, American Chemical Society, American Society for Engineering Education Fellow, American As.sociation for the Advancement of Science. (Adsorptive-Bubble Separation Methods)... 

Analytical instruments play an increasingly important role in modern analytical chemistry. The trend is not limited in chemistry but in all phases of natural science and technology, as one easily can watch in rapid progresses in molecular biology, nano-materials technology, and the related bio-medical reseai ch. Instiaimental developments can now even be a determining factor in the advancement of science itself. 

Having met Joule for the first time at the 1847 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Oxford, Thomson initially accepted that Joule s experiments had shown that work converted into heat. Committed to Carnot s theory of the production of work from a fall of heat, however, he could not accept the converse proposition that work had been converted into heat could simply be recovered as useful work. Therefore, he could not agree to Joule s claim for mutual convertibility. By 1848 he had appropriated from the lectures of the late Thomas Young (reprinted in the mid-1840s) the term energy as a synonym for vis viva (the term in use at the time, traditionally measured as mtc) and its equivalent terms such as work, but as yet the term appeared only in a footnote. 

Hirsi, E. (1978). Transponation Energy Conservation Policies. In Energy II Use Uonservntion nnd Supply, eds. P. H. Abelson and A. L. Haiiiinoiid. Washington, DC American Association for the Advancement of Science. 

Figure 15-27. Currcnl-vollagp characteristic of a Ca/MEH-PPV 16,6 PCBM/1T0 device in the dark (open circles) and under 20 mW/on2 illumination at 430 mu (solid circles) (reproduced by pennission of the American Association lor the Advancement of Science from Ref. [5 ).

One of the major advances of science in the first half of this century was the synthesis of ten elements beyond uranium. Glenn T. Seaborg participated in the discovery oj most of these, a sufficient tribute to his outstanding ability as a scientist. For the first such discoveries, those of neptunium and plutonium, he shared with Professor Edwin M. McMillan the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1951. 

Figure 3. PEO,LiCF,SO, crystal structure viewed along the c axis. CF,SO, groups are shared. Coordination around one Li+ ion is shown by broken lines. Reprinted with permission from P. Lightfoot, M. A. Meltha and P. G. Bruce, Science 1993, 262, 883. Copyright 1993 American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Figure 1.72 The structure of (C60)OsO4(Bu py)2. (Reprinted with permission from Science, 1991, 252, 312.) Copyright (1991) American Association for the Advancement of Science.)...

Sillen, L. G. (1961). The physical chemistry of seawater. In "Oceanography" (M. Sears, ed.). International Oceanographic Congress (New York, 1959), pp. 549-581. Publication 67, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington DC. 

As a result of science education research, a new era of reform in science education has started with the new centuiy. New standards have been fixed (National Research Council, 1996, 2000). The National Science Education Standards (National Research Council, 1996) and also the 2061 project of ihe American Association for the Advancement of Science (1989,1990) assume that inquiry in general and inquiry in the context of practical work in science education is central to the achievement of scientific literacy (Hofstein Mamlok-Naaman, 2007). 

Practical activities should embody as best as possible the scientifie proeesses that have been preseribed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science observation, elassification, numerieal relations, measurements, time-spaee relations, eommunieation (oral, pictorial, written), deriving of conclusions, prediction ( what would happen if. .hypothesis making, production of operational definitions, identifieation and control of variables, experiment and explanation of experimental data. Different theoretical perspectives should be used with the aim to optimize the positive eognitive and affeetive outcomes. The use, sometimes together, sometimes separately, of different perspeetives can act complimentarily and can lead to positive results (Niaz, 1993 Tsaparhs, 1997). 

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