Advanced life support

Stutz DR, Ulin S. 1992. Basic and advanced life support. Hazardous materials injuries A handbook for pre-hospital care, 3rd ed. Bradford Communications Corporation, Beltsville, MD. 

Waters, G. C. R., Olabi, A., Hunter, J. B., Dixon, M. A., Lasseur, C. (2002). Bioregenerative food system cost based on optimized menus for advanced life support. Life Supp. Biosphere Set, 8, 199-210. 

Wheeler, R. M., Mackowiak, C. L., Stutte, G. W., Yorio, N. C., Sager, J. C., Ruffe, L. M., Petersen, B. V., Berry, W. L., Goins, G. D., Prince, R. P, Hinkle, C. R., Knott, W. M. (2003). Crop production for advanced life support systems-Observations from the Kennedy Space Center Breadboard Project NTiSA Tech Mem, 211184. 

Chameides, L., Hazinski, M. (1998). Textbook of pediatric advanced life support. Dallas, TX American Heart Association, American Academy of Pediatrics. 

Page, N. W. (2000). Development of an advanced life support patient transfer training program. Military Medicine, 165(11), 821-823. 

Advanced life support algorithm for the management of cardiac arrest in adults... 

Of 42 children with oral eucalyptus oil poisoning, 33 were entirely asymptomatic (8). This group included all of the four children who were reported to have taken more than 30 ml of eucalyptus oil. Only two of the others had symptoms or clinical signs on presentation to hospital. No child required advanced life support. There was no correlation between the amount of eucalyptus oil taken and the presence of symptoms. 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be utilized as required by the condition of the patient. 

Basic and advanced life support measures should be utilized as necessary for atropine exposure. Gastric decontamination procedures should be employed based on the patient s history and current symptomatology. Activated charcoal can be given to adsorb atropine. The mainstay of treatment is supportive care. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, can be given to patients to reverse signs and symptoms of... 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be implemented as necessary. Gastrointestinal decontamination procedures should be used as appropriate based on the patient s level of consciousness and history of ingestion. Activated charcoal can be used to adsorb the benzodiazepines. The patient s level of consciousness and vital signs should be monitored closely. Obtunded patients with reduced gag reflex should be intubated to prevent pulmonary aspiration. Respiratory support, including oxygen and ventilation, should be provided as needed. If hypotension occurs it should be treated with standard... 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be utilized as necessary. Treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive. Gastrointestinal evacuation procedures are generally unnecessary. If the patient is alert and able to swallow, milk or water should be immediately offered, stopping if vomiting occurs during administration. Administration of an acidic substance to neutralize sodium hypochlorite is contraindicated. 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be utilized. Activated charcoal without a cathartic may be used in early decontamination. Most ingestions are self-limiting. Treatment after decontamination is symptomatic and supportive. Monitoring of fluids and electrolytes is recommended for symptomatic patients. If a significant ingestion of anthraquinones does occur, Borntrager s reaction may occur (red color is seen in alkaline urine and a yellow-brown color in acid urine). No other specific laboratory tests are available to assist in diagnosis and treatment. 

All basic and advanced life-support measures should be implemented. Gastric decontamination should be performed. Butyrophenones are readily absorbed by activated charcoal. Aggressive supportive care should be instituted. Dystonic reactions respond well to intravenous benztropine or diphenhydramine. Oral therapy with diphenhydramine or benztropine should be continued for 2 days to prevent recurrence of the dystonic reaction. For patients suffering from neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a potentially fatal condition associated with the administration of antipsychotic drugs, dantrolene sodium, and bromocriptine have been used in conjunction with cooling and other supportive measures. Arrhythmias should be treated with lidocaine or phenytoin. Diazepam is the drug of choice for seizures phenytoin is used to prevent recurrence. Hemodialysis and hemoperfu-sion have not been shown to be effective. 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be implemented as necessary. In patients presenting within Ih of ingestion, activated charcoal should be administered. In the event of depressed consciousness or seizures, airway protection should first be secured. Sodium bicarbonate, epinephrine, and high-dose diazepam should be used to treat cardiotoxicity. Diazepam is recommended for the treatment of seizures. Methods of extracorporeal drug removal, such as hemoperfusion and hemodialysis, are ineffective. 

Though the clinical need for such measures would be expected to be rare, basic and advanced life-support measures as well as aggressive decontamination may be instituted as clinically necessary. Gastric decontamination with a single dose of activated charcoal will effectively adsorb ingested cimetidine. 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be performed as necessary. Gastrointestinal decontamination procedures should be considered for substantial recent ingestions. Activated charcoal will adsorb codeine. Patients with respiratory or CNS depression can be treated with intravenous boluses of naloxone. A continuous naloxone infusion may be necessary if the toxic effects of codeine persist longer than the duration of action of naloxone. 

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