Adult pathology

In a normal adult only a small amount of protein is excreted in the urine (up to 0.08 g/day). Orthostatic (postural) proteinuria, where proteinuria occurs in the upright position, can occur in apparently normal people, especially young adults. Pathological proteinuria has been classified into four types ... 

In the past number of years a number of studies have shown that in a variety of diseases there is a significant oxidation of Met residues to Met(O) in specific proteins that results in a loss of biological activity. These diseases include cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome and emphysema. The most convincing evidence that Met(O) in proteins may be involved in the etiology of a pathological condition comes from studies with a-l-PI. It is well accepted that a-l-PI is inactivated upon oxidation of its Met residues. A decreased activity of a-l-PI in lung tissue that would result in an increased elastase activity has been associated with pulmonary emphysema. In patients who have a... 

Brockow K, Akin C, Huber M. Metcalfe D Assessment of the extent of cutaneous involvement in children and adults with mastocytosis relationship to symptomatology, tryptase levels, and bone marrow pathology J Am Acad Dermatol 2003 48 508-516. 

Thus, in these examples of stem cell related pathology, as well as in the normal development of the organism and the normal repair response of the adult, the effects of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling appear to be of key regulatory importance. 

Aboody KS, Brown A, Rainov NG, Bower KA, Liu S, Yang W, Small JE, HerrUnger U, Ourednik V, Black PM et al (2000) Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain evidence from intracranial gliomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 12846-12851... 

Chen DY, Lan JL, Lin FJ, Hsieh TY. Proinflammatory cytokine profiles in sera and pathological tissues of patients with active untreated adult onset Still s disease. J Rheumatol 2004 31(11) 2189-2198. 

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in fact, nearly 25% of adults in the U.S. are considered hypertensive. Hypertension is defined as a consistent elevation in blood pressure such that systolic/diastolic pressures are >140/90 mmHg. Over time, chronic hypertension can cause pathological changes in the vasculature and in the heart. As a result, hypertensive patients are at increased risk for atherosclerosis, aneurysm, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and kidney failure. There are several categories of antihypertensive agents ... 

Fig. 18.1. Burdens of adult Trichinella spiralis and development of intestinal pathology. BALB/c were infected with 400 T. spiralis muscle larvae on day 0. 

Fig. 18.3. Burdens of adult T. spiralis and development of intestinal pathology in mast-cell-deficient N/W mice. W/W mice and their normal littermates were infected with 400 T. spiralis muscle larvae. (A) Adult worm burdens are represented as mean + sem, five mice per group (, significantly different from day 6 p.i., P< 0.05). (B) Crypt and villus lengths were measured at day 0 and day 13 p.i. Results are expressed as mean + sem for five mice per group (, significantly different from uninfected animals (day 0), P< 0.05). Unpublished data.

---