Surface adsorbed glycoproteins

Sendai virus, like other myxo- and paramyxovirus, has surface glycoprotein spikes which adsorb to specific receptors on erythrocytes of most mammalian and fowl species and cause hemagglutination. The receptors on erythrocyte membranes contain neuraminic acid, as indicated by the fact that they are destroyed by neuraminidase. Haywood (3 ) demonstrated that liposomes containing gangliosides could inhibit the agglutination of erythro-... 

Mechanism of Action. As indicated, enfuvirtide inhibits the ability of HIV to bind to, and enter, susceptible host cells such as CD4 lymphocytes. The drug actually binds to specific components on the outer glycoprotein envelop of the virus, thereby retarding the ability of the virus to change its shape in preparation for adsorbing to the surface of the host cell. If the virus cannot attach to host cells, the risk of infection is reduced. 

The average composition of a base wine is given in Table 1. Wines can be viewed as hydroalcoholic solutions containing many organic compounds, some at concentrations as low as a few mg/L, which may show surface activity by themselves (nitrogenous monomers and polymers, e.g. aminoacids, proteins and glycoproteins, etc.) or by association with other compounds (polysaccharides associated with proteins, for example). It is not possible to decide which constituents are actually adsorbed at the surface and which one is the more foam active. 

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