Adipogenesis

PPARy is strongly expressed in adipocytes, and stimulation by TZDs promotes adipogenesis, predominantly in preadipocytes from subcutaneous depots. Increased transcription of transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis increases the deposition of lipid in these adipocytes (Table 2). This appears to facilitate a reduction in hyperglycaemia by reducing circulating concentrations of non-esterified... 

Ziouzenkova, O., G. Orasanu, M. Sharlach et al. 2007a. Retinaldehyde represses adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity. Nat Med 13(6) 695-702. 

Adipocytes have an important secretory function. Numerous factors (collectively termed adipokines or adipocytokines), mostly peptides but also eicosanoids are produced by preadipocytes and mature adipocytes (Table 9.3). Some of these factors act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to regulate adipogenesis, that is differentiation and maturation of adipocytes themselves, whilst others, notably, leptin, adiponectin and some cytokines act in truly endocrine way, having effects on the brain, endothelial cells, liver and skeletal muscle. Disturbance in secretion from adipocytes is associated with eating disorders and metabolic syndrome. 

Preadipocyte Prostacyclin (PGI2) Autocrine/ paracrine Preadipocytes Promotes adipogenesis... 

P. E. Scherer, M. P. Lisanti, G. Baldini, M. Sargiacomo, C. C. Mastick, and H. F. Lodish. Induction of caveolin during adipogenesis and association of GLUT4 with caveolin-rich vesicles. J. Cell Biol. 127 1233-1243 (1994). 

Valyasevi RW, Harteneck DA, Dutton CM, Bahn RS. Stimulation of adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-acti-vated receptor-gamma (PPARv) and thyrotropin receptor by PPARv agonists in human orbital preadipocyte fibroblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 87 2352-2358. 

As noted above, there were three key antecedent observations that set the stage for the discovery of PPARy as a molecular target for thiazolidinediones (1) thiazolidinediones were derived fromfibrates that were known as PPARa activators (2) thiazolidinediones were potent inducers of adipogenesis and (3) PPARy was a mediator of adipogenesis. 

Tontonoz, P, Hu, E., and Spiegelman, B. M. (1994). Stimulation of Adipogenesis in Fibroblasts by PPAR Gamma 2, a Lipid-Activated Transcription Factor. Cell 79, 1147-1156. 

Masugi, J., Tamori, Y., Mori, H., Koike, T., and Kasuga, M. (2000). Inhibitory effect of a Proline- to-Alanine Substitution at Codon 12 of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor y2 on Thiazolidinedione-Induced Adipogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268, 178—182. 

Tang, X. et al. 2006. An RNA interference-based screen identifies MAP4K4/NIK as anegativeregulatorof PPARy, adipogenesis, and insulin-responsive hexose transport. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 2087-2092. 

Cooke, P.S., Naz, A. (2005). Effects of estrogens and the phytoestrogen genistein on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in males and females. Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 73 ... 

It is a derivative of human adipogenesis inhibitory factor. Opren benoxaprofen. 

IL-11 was formerly known as adipogenesis inhibitory factor. General Characteristics... 

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