Adenosine 5 -triphosphate-treated

Adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), its phosphorylated derivative, have been used to treat acute paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias and adenosine has also been used in the diagnosis of narrow-and broad-complex tachycardias (SEDA-16,176). 

K26. Kress, L. F., Bono, V. H., Jr., and Noda, L., The sulfhydryl groups of rabbit muscle adenosine triphosphate-adenosine monophosphate phosphotransferase. Activity of enzyme treated with mercurials. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 2293-2300 (1966). 

The bcr-abl fusion gene produces a mutant tyrosine kinase that is involved in both the increased proliferation of the CML clone, and in the reduction in FAS-mediated apoptosis. The characterization of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site on the tyrosine kinase has led to a new class of inhibitors. The first of these inhibitors, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), was approved in 2001 for patients in chronic phase who had failed interferon alfa (IFN-a), and in accelerated phase or blast crisis. It obtained additional FDA approval in 2002 for first-line treatment in newly diagnosed CML. The clinical results associated with imatinib have changed the way CML is treated, and will be discussed in more detail under the treatment section of this chapter. "... 

Similar conclusions have been reached in a study of a-keto acids in the blood of carbon tetrachloride-treated rabbits it thus appeared that the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate is impaired as a result of the liver damage (D14). The metabolic disturbances involved could lead to a decreased synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and thus determine the symptoms of hepatic coma. 

Although interferons are mediators of immune response, different mechanisms for the antiviral action of interferon have been proposed. Interferon-a possesses broad-spectrum antiviral activity and acts on virus-infected cells by binding to specific cell surface receptors. It inhibits the transcription and translation of mRNA into viral nuoleic acid and protein. Studies in cell-free systems have shown that the addition of adenosine triphosphate and double-stranded RNA to extracts of interferon-treated cells activates cellular RNA proteins and a oellular endonuclease. This activation causes the formation of translation inhibitory protein, which terminates production of viral enzyme, nucleic acid, and structural proteins (28). Interferon also may act by blocking synthesis of a cleaving enzyme required for viral release. 

Summers, K.E., Gibbons, I.R. Adenosine triphosphate-induced shding of tubules in trypsin-treated flagella of sea-urchin sperm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 68, 3092-3096 (1971)... 

Fibers that are composed of components that are residents in a host organism will be less inclined to be threatening to a host. These substances are less likely to be treated as foreign substances by a host. Polyphosphates are an example of such substances. Adenosine triphosphate is a notable example. 

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease The enzyme adenosine deaminase degrades deoxyadenosine which is produced during DNA degradation (Chapter 10). Deficiency of the enzyme results in accumulation of deoxyadenosine which is a substrate for adenosine kinase and leads to production of deoxyadenosine and deoxyquanosine triphosphates, which reach high concentrations. This disturbs the balance of deoxy nucleotides which results in failure of DNA replication. This enzyme is normally present in lymphocytes so that a deficiency prevents proliferation of the lymphocytes, which is essential in combatting an infection. Consequently, patients are very susceptible to infections. This is one disease that is effectively treated by gene therapy. 

When aqueous solutions of adenosin-5 -mono-, di- or triphosphates are treated with EDC or N-cyclohexyl-N -(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide the major product is diadenosine-5 -5 -pyrophosphate. The yields of the pyrophosphates are greatly increased in the presence of Mg + ions." ... 

Nucleoside Pyrophosphates. - The synthesis of 8-aryl-3-P-o-ribofuranosylimiazo[2,l-i]purine 5 -phosphates (122) from AMP or ATP has been described. To access these fluorescent nucleotide derivatives, a combination of Kornblum oxidation reaction and imidazole formation was employed. For this conversion, the appropriate adenosine phosphate, present in its free acid form, was treated with p-nitro-acetophenone in DMSO in the presence of DBU. Treatment of a 5-(chloroethyl)-4-(triazole-l-yl)pyrimidine-nucleoside with benzylhydrazine offered the 6,6-bicyclic pyrimido-pyradazin-7-one, the precursor to (123). This triphosphate was used as a substrate for DNA polymerases. ... 

P -[l-(2-Nitro)phenylethyl]adenosine-5 -triphosphate, prepared by treating ADP-morpholidate with l-(2-nitro)phenylethyl phosphate, has the useful property that upon illumination with laser light at 347 nm, the 2-nitrophenylethyl group is lost to afford ATP. Photolysis of muscle fibres perfused with this caged ATP thus removes limitations in resolving the time course of muscle fibre relaxation by creating an instantaneous concentration of ATP. ... 

Nucleoside Triphosphates and Their Analogues. - A review has been given of the most useful methods for the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates. 5 -Triphosphates of 8-(alkylthio)adenosines have been prepared as inhibitors of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, and the triphosphates 202 and that derived from 2,2 -anhydrouridine have been made as agonists for P2X2-purinoceptors, but they showed lesser potencies than the parent nucleosides. Derivatives of ATP, UTP and CTP have been prepared in which methyl ketone groups are attached via spacers to the base units, in order to permit interaction with fluorescent probes after enzymic incorporation into oligonucleotides. The triphosphate was assembed by Eckstein s procedure, in which a 2, 3 -0-iso-propylidene nucleoside is treated sequentially with salicyl phosphorochloridite, pyrophosphate and an oxidant. ... 

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