Additives aluminum trihydrate

Additive flame-retardants may be more easily incorporated in polyurethane formulation. Several class of compounds have been used to improve flame retardancy of PU foams such compounds are halogen- (very often chloroalkyl-phosphate) or phosphorous-based compounds, although also other substances, like as EG, melamine, aluminum trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide, may be used. 

The addition of aluminum trihydrate improved fire resistance of glass epoxy laminates but, because of the high loading required, it decreased the mechanical properties of the laminate. Various components of formulation were studied to improve performance. It was found that the curing agent and impact modifier help to improve the mechanical properties of the laminates. Other fillers were also studied in order to understand the impact of filler on properties. It was found that all fillers (glass beads, quartz, calcium carbonate, mica) reduce mechanical properties of laminates, not just aluminum trihydrate. " Aluminum trihydrate was found to be one of better performers in this system. 

There are several fillers and inoiganic/organic additives used in flame retarded materials and these include antimony oxide, aluminum trihydrate, zinc borate, ammonium octamolybdate, and zinc stannate. The details related to the composition required and performance characteristics of inorganic additives can be found in specialized monograph. Some of these compounds are discussed below in relation to their effects on enhancement of performance of phosphate plasticizers. 

Burning time and limiting oxygen index depend on the plasticizer type and the amount. They are not greatly affected by addition of antimony oxide, aluminum trihydrate, or zinc borate. Qjj jjgjjjj addition of antimoity oxide, aluminum... 

Endothermic processes inherent to additives such as aluminum trihydrate (AI2O3 3H2O, also known as aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3) and magnesium hydroxide, Mg(0H)2, cool the substrate to temperatures below those required to sustain combustion. Water vapor evolved in their endothermic decomposition... 

Endothermic Endothermic additives can sublime or absorb heat in their decomposition, evolving inert gases (usually water) to dilute the fuel and/or lower the temperature of the flame front. Hydrated mineral fillers such as alumina trihydrate (aluminum trihydrate, ATH) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and melamine or its salts (phosphates, cyanurates, etc.) are examples of this methodology. Use of ATH is discussed in Section 16.3 and magnesium compounds in Section 16.4. 

Baco. [BA Chem. Ltd.] Alumina trihydrate prod, of aluminum, abrasives, tefiadoiies, ceramics, elec, insulators, catalysis d catalyst supports, ptqier, spade plugs, crudbles and lab ware, adsorbent for gases/waim viqxns, chramtographic analysis, heat-resist fibers, food additives. 

Aluminum oxide solids can be utilized to manufacture PAC by the addition of acid (15). Alumina trihydrate [12252-70-9] AI2O2 3H2O, a reactive intermediate from bauxite beneficiation, is first slurried with water, and the slurry is gradually added to concentrated hydrochloric acid. PAC forms when the HCI/AI2O3 mole ratio is less than 6 typical ratios in commercial processes are 3 to 4.5. 

Recently, Firouzabadi and Iranpoor reported that aluminum dodecylsulfate trihydrate [A1(DS)3 3H20] prepared by addition of hydrated aluminum nitrate or aluminum chloride to an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylsulfate effectively catalyzes Michael addition of indoles to a, p-unsaturate ketones in water (Scheme 6.85)... 

The dehydration reaction in aluminum oxide trihydrate is strongly exothermic (1170 J g ). Since alumina is inert towards polymers, it is probable that the effect of this very widely used fire retardant additive is simply to remove heat. 

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