Additive Utility Function Approach

Compared with the Utility Function approach, PROMETHEE contain an additional level of subjectivity On top of the choice of the weights for the descriptors PROMETHEE needs information on delta zero value. 

We chose to utilize this approach to introduce poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) into or onto silicone elastomers. As allyl-modified PEO is commercially available or readily synthesized, it was necessary to ensure the starting silicone materials had sufficient SiH functionality to permit covalent tethering. Therefore, addition of poly(hydromethyl)siloxane (PHMS DC 1107 fluid) to the conventional... 

Goal programming techniques used in Sections 74.3.1 and 74.3.2 require completely prespecified preference from a decision maker. In addition, the NP-GP assumes that a decision maker s utility function is linear. In practice, defining preference numerically could be difficult. Another MCMP approach, called an interactive method, can be used to overcome this issue. An interactive method does not require prespecified preference but relies on the progressive articulation of preferences by a decision maker (Masud and Ravindran 2008). The steps for an interactive method are as follows ... 

Once the C02 is captured and compressed, it needs to be transported to the sequestration or utilization locations, unless the capture and sequestration processes are located at the same site. A C02 transportation infrastructure could be done with a rather conventional approach. On land, pipelines for long-distance C02 transport already exist. For example, a pipeline system more than 500 mi. long connects C02 fields in Southern Colorado to oil fields in West Texas. The C02 is purchased at about 15/ton for tertiary oil recovery. The cost of C02 transportation is a function of distance, whereas the costs of pipeline construction vary significantly by region (Doctor et al., 1997). The construction and operation of pipelines for ocean would be quite different from land-based pipelines. Generally, C02 is transported at supercritical pressures (-2000 psi). If C02 is sequestered at geological formations, the transferred C02 may require additional compression at the injection site depending on the specifics of the reservoir (Doctor et al., 1997). 

A variety of polymer compositions that use this type of polymerization chemistry can be envisioned. In addition to the polyarylate homopolymers that have been described in this chapter, random or block copolymers can be prepared with reasonable ease by the combination of different monomers or oligomers. These compositions can be designed to optimize thermal, mechanical, dielectric, or optical properties of a polymer system. Also, the trifluorovinyl ether functionality can be incorporated into other high-performance polymer systems with relative ease.34,35 The perfluorocyclobutane polyarylate chemistry is a versatile approach to the preparation of high-performance polymers, which is just beginning to demonstrate its utility. 

There have been many attempts to improve protein stability and protein properties, utilizing methods such as random mutagenesis, directed evolution, and rational protein design approaches. In general, these methods are far from straightforward and can be time-consuming. In addition, the stabilization of proteins without loss of function is not a trivial problem. 

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