Additive antagonistic

Be aware that OTC medications, nutritional supplements and herbal medications can interact in known and unknown ways to cause an inhibition/induction of metabolizing enzymes and transport mechanisms. The constituents can cause additive/antagonist effects and adverse life-threatening interactions, particularly in people on medications discussed in the main sections (e.g. MAOI antidepressants, opioids, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, anticoagulants). 

Traditionally, toxicologists have addressed the effects of chemical mixtures as being additive, antagonistic, potentiated, or synergistic.M To these, sequential effects are added here. 

The successful application of tamsulosin (24) to the treatment of BPH with minimal cardiovascular effects has led to an extensive effort to develop additional antagonists selective for the a -receptor. Phenoxyethylamine (102, KMD-3213), a tamsulosin analog, has been reported to be in clinical trial in Japan, as has (103) (95). 

Drug interactions may be described as additive, antagonistic or synergistic (or potentiating). These three categories are regardless of whether the underlying mechanism is pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic in nature. 

Synergistic Effects. In view of the antibiotic effect of CO, it was appropriate to investigate the effect of two compounds (G and CO) fed as a mixture. The effect could be simply additive, greater-than-additive (synergistic) or less-than-additive (antagonistic). 

Current limitations in the therapeutic use of MAbs are derived from the fact that they are pathogen-specific and that, for the time being, they require systemic, parenteral, and sometimes chronic application. In addition, antagonistic principles require rather large doses in excess of 1 mg kg body weight and this results in treatment costs of up to US 10000 per patient and therapy. For example, Avastin treatment is priced at US 4400 per month. 

Differentiate between the additive, antagonistic, and synergistic effects of substances in the body. 

The conclusions reached following investigations under controlled conditions in the laboratory do not necessarily apply in the natural environment and this is particularly true for mercury. Probably the most important factor to be considered is the form in which the mercury is present in the environment, since natural processes such as adsorption, precipitation, volatilisation, and complexation are likely to reduce the concentration of iDiologically available mercmy. In addition, antagonistic reactions may reduce its effect. 

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