Sleep loss acute

Williams HL, Lubin A, Goodnow JJ. Impaired performance with acute sleep loss. Psychol Monogra Gen Appl 1959 73 1-25. 

Sleep can be disrupted in two ways acutely or through a cumulative sleep debt. Acute sleep loss will typically refer to the total amount of sleep an individual obtains in the 24-hr period prior to work. A work-related cumulative sleep debt can be calculated by adding the sleep loss acquired over days. This calculation should begin after an identified recovery period when an individual would have an opportunity to zero out any existing sleep debt. Sleep is a core physiological factor that affects waking alertness, safety, and performance and, as will be apparent, RTC Ops can affect sleep acutely and over time through a cumulative sleep debt. 

RTC Ops can affect all of these physiological factors acute sleep loss and cumulative sleep debt, hours of continuous wakefulness, circadian/time-of-day, and sleep disorders. Diverse work requirements lead inevitably to physiological disruptions and subsequent effects on waking alertness, safety, and performance. 

Predictability provides an individual with the opportunity to plan, whether for work, recovery requirements, or home activities. When possible, schedule stability provides more consistent circadian cues and the opportunity to create individual patterns and habits that minimize the physiological disruptions. Modem work demands, especially 24/7 requirements, are often associated with overtime, which may be elective or on occasions required. Extending work has the potential to increase the continuous hours awake, be affected by circadian factors by working through a window of circadian low, and contribute to both acute sleep loss and a cumulative sleep debt. The timing and amount of overtime and whether it is elective or required, can all affect the level of physiological disruption. 

Armodafinil was initially evaluated in healthy volunteers undergoing acute sleep loss using the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) and psychomoter vigilance testing (PVT).25 In this single-dose, double-blind, parallel group trial,... 

The duration of the problem determines whether transient or chronic insomnia underlies sleep loss. Transient insomnia refers to no more than a few nights of poor sleep, which generally results from challenges such as (a) acute illness, (b) stress, (c) suboptimal circadian time for sleep, or (d) a disruptive sleep environment. In the absence of these challenges the individuals typically sleep normally. That is, they judge their sleep to be satisfactory. It is reasonable to conclude, therefore, that the impact of transient insomnia on waking function can be extrapolated from partial sleep deprivation research conducted in normal sleepers. Such studies limit the amount of sleep obtained, on one or more nights, just as in the case of transient insomnia. 

Toxicology Vitamin A hypervitaminosis can lead to clinical symptoms such as headache, nausea, in chronic cases disturbances of sleep, loss of appetite, loss of hair, bone swellings in the limbs however, all symptoms disappear when the consumption of vitamin A is reduced. Acute poisonings have been observed in, e.g., polar explorers after consumption of the extremely vitamin A,-rich polar bear liver. The metabolite of R., vitamin A acid (retinoic acid, tretinoin, C20H28O3, Mr 316.44, mp. 180-182 °C) can cause malformations and thus pregnant women should not consume more than 3.3 mg of vitamin A] per day Synthesis R. was obtained in the past from fish oils, which have contents of up to 17%, while it is now mostly produced synthetically . ... 

---