Actinomycins d-

Those herbicides that block mitotic entry decrease or prevent the formation of mitotic figures in meristems. Amino acid, protein, RNA, DNA, and ATP synthesis and/or utilization can all attest cell growth (163,166). Although not registered as herbicides, cycloheximide [66-81-9] inhibits mitotic entry by inhibiting protein synthesis (167) hydroxyurea/727-(97-/7 inhibits DNA synthesis (168) and actinomycin D [50-76-0] nh2oix.s RNA synthesis (167). 

Dactinomycin. Dactinomycin [50-76-0] (actinomycin D, actinomycin Cl, Cosmegen), is the only actinomycin in clinical use. 

Fig. 12. Stmcture of dactinomycin (actinomycin D) where MeVal = N-methylvaline and Sar = sarcosine.

Total synthesis of dactinomycin has been accompHshed, and at least thirty natural actinomycins and many synthetic and semisynthetic actinomycins have been tested (220,221,228). At one time cactinomycin [8052-16-2] (actinomycin C), a mixture of actinomycins D, C2, and C3, was sold as an antineoplastic. 

The NMR experiments 55 are obtained from actinomycin D in order to check the amino acid sequence, to assign proton-proton and some carbon-proton connectivities, and to deduce informations concerning proton distances and the spatial structure of both cyclopentapeptide lactone rings. Conditions CDCI3, 10 mg per 0.3 ml, 25 °C, 500 MHz H), 125 MHz ( C). (a) HH COSY plot ... 

Aromatic macrocycles, flat hydrophobic molecules composed of fused, heterocyclic rings, such as ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and actinomycin D... 

Chemical Name Complex actinomycin, see structural formula Common Name Meractinomycin Actinomycin D Actinomycin Aj Structural Formula ... 

One of the key steps in the synthesis of actinomycin D (241 Scheme 3.88) and its serine analogue involved the regio- and stereoselective ring-opening of aziridine 238 with the acid 239 [138, 139]. This transformation took place in methylene... 

Hashimoto, Y., Sugawara, M., Masuko, T., and Hojo, H. (1983). Antitumor effect of actinomycin D entrapped in liposomes bearing subunits of tumor-specific monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody. Cancer Res., 43, 5328-5334. 

Phenoxazines — The microbial phenoxazines like actinomycins are well-known antibiotics. Actinomycin D produced by Streptomyces anibioticus is an effective antineoplastic agent that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. The main function of ommochromes is to act as screening pigments in the eyes of insects and other arthropods, as pattern pigments in the integument, and as excretion products of excess tryptophan. ... 

C62H85BrNi2Oie,2C1oH13N504-11 H20 7-BromoactinomycinDbis(2 -deoxyguanosine), undecahydrate (BRAXGU)306 P212121 Z = 4 Dx = 1.36 R = 0.094 for 4000 intensities. The co-crystals contain one actinomycin D (chromophore part, only, is shown in the... 

Polyalkylcyanoacrylate 0.2 Lysosomtropic after intravenous injection Antimitotics (e.g., daunorubicin, actinomycin D, doxorubicin)... 

Starch (Spherex) 40 Intra-arterial administration of cytostatics 5-Fluorouracil, hepatic BCNU, renal actinomycin D... 

Insulin mRNA splicing rates were estimated from the rate of disappearance of the insulin preRNA signal from beta-cells treated with actinomycin D to block transcription. The two introns in mouse insulin II are not spliced with the same ef-... 

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